托福閱讀高難度文章長難句實(shí)例解析：物理化學(xué)性質(zhì)的沉淀。在備考托福時(shí),，長難句常常成為考生的攔路虎。通過對(duì)這些句子進(jìn)行細(xì)致的分析,，可以幫助考生更好地理解文本，提高閱讀能力和應(yīng)試技巧,。

托福閱讀長難句解析

原句示例：

(Over extended periods), substances (that exhibit variations in their physical and chemical characteristics depending on the surrounding climate) may accumulate (in an organized manner) (to create an unbroken record) (of the transformations in those characteristics over time), (potentially spanning hundreds or even thousands of years).

詞匯解析：

characteristic /?k?r?kt??r?st?k/ n. 特征，特性;

surrounding /s??ra?nd??/ adj. 周圍的,，環(huán)境的;

結(jié)構(gòu)拆解：

(Over extended periods), 介詞短語

中文：經(jīng)過較長的時(shí)間

(that exhibit variations in their physical and chemical characteristics depending on the surrounding climate),，定語從句,，修飾substances

中文：根據(jù)周圍氣候變化而表現(xiàn)出物理和化學(xué)特性的物質(zhì)

(in an organized manner)，介詞短語

中文：以一種有序的方式

(to create an unbroken record),，不定式短語

中文：創(chuàng)建一個(gè)連續(xù)的記錄

(of the transformations in those characteristics over time),，介詞短語

中文：這些特性隨時(shí)間變化的記錄

(potentially spanning hundreds or even thousands of years),，介詞短語

中文：這可能持續(xù)幾百年或幾千年

主干：substances may accumulate

參考翻譯：

經(jīng)過較長的時(shí)間，依據(jù)周圍氣候變化而表現(xiàn)出物理和化學(xué)特性的物質(zhì)可以以一種有序的方式積累,，從而創(chuàng)建一個(gè)關(guān)于這些特性隨時(shí)間變化的連續(xù)記錄,，這個(gè)過程可能持續(xù)幾百年甚至幾千年。

通過對(duì)托福閱讀中長難句的深入剖析,，考生能夠更有效地掌握復(fù)雜句子的結(jié)構(gòu)與含義，從而在考試中游刃有余,，獲得理想的分?jǐn)?shù),。希望以上內(nèi)容能為你的備考提供幫助,！

在托福考試中,，閱讀部分常常會(huì)出現(xiàn)一些長難句,，這些句子結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜，容易讓考生感到困惑,。為了幫助考生更好地理解這些句子，本文將分享一些解析長難句的方法和技巧。??

1. 理解句子的基本結(jié)構(gòu)

首先,，分析句子的主干是關(guān)鍵,。通常,，一個(gè)完整的句子包含主語、謂語和賓語,。識(shí)別這些成分有助于快速把握句子的基本意思,。例如：

“Although the research was conducted under controlled conditions, the results were not entirely conclusive.”

在這個(gè)句子中,，“the research”是主語，“was conducted”是謂語,，而“the results were not entirely conclusive”則是一個(gè)獨(dú)立的從句,，進(jìn)一步解釋了研究結(jié)果的情況。

2. 注意從句的使用

長難句中常常包含多個(gè)從句,，這些從句可能是定語從句、狀語從句或名詞性從句,。識(shí)別這些從句可以幫助你理解句子的層次關(guān)系,。例如：

“The book that was published last year, which discusses various environmental issues, has gained significant popularity.”

這里，“that was published last year”是定語從句,，修飾“the book”；而“which discusses various environmental issues”則是另一個(gè)定語從句,，進(jìn)一步提供了書籍的內(nèi)容信息,。

3. 劃分句子成分

將長句劃分為若干短句,，可以幫助你逐步理解句子的意思。比如：

“The study, despite its limitations, provides valuable insights into the behavior of certain species in their natural habitat.”

可以劃分為：“The study provides valuable insights.” 和 “It has limitations.” 這樣分開后,，更容易理解每個(gè)部分的含義,。

4. 關(guān)注連接詞

連接詞在長難句中起著至關(guān)重要的作用，它們幫助我們理解句子之間的關(guān)系,。例如：

“While some researchers argue that climate change is a natural phenomenon, others believe it is primarily driven by human activities.”

在這個(gè)句子中，“while”表示對(duì)比,，突出兩種不同的觀點(diǎn),。

5. 練習(xí)與實(shí)踐

多做長難句的練習(xí)是提高閱讀理解能力的有效方法,?？梢酝ㄟ^以下方式進(jìn)行練習(xí)：

• 閱讀英文報(bào)紙或?qū)W術(shù)文章，注意長句的結(jié)構(gòu),。
• 嘗試將長句改寫為短句,，保持原意,。
• 參加模擬考試，專注于時(shí)間管理和長句的解析,。

6. 實(shí)際例句分析

以下是一個(gè)典型的托福閱讀長難句示例：

“The increase in global temperatures, which has been attributed to a variety of factors including greenhouse gas emissions and deforestation, poses a serious threat to biodiversity.”

在這個(gè)句子中,，主句是“poses a serious threat to biodiversity”,，而“which has been attributed to a variety of factors”是一個(gè)非限制性定語從句，提供了溫度上升的原因,。

7. 參考材料與資源

為了更好地準(zhǔn)備托福閱讀,，考生可以參考以下材料：

• Official TOEFL iBT Tests Volume 1
• TOEFL Reading Flash Cards
• Academic Journals and Articles

通過上述方法和技巧,，考生可以逐步提高對(duì)托福閱讀長難句的理解能力，從而在考試中取得更好的成績,。祝大家備考順利,！??

Preparing for the TOEFL: Understanding Physical Chemistry Properties ??

The TOEFL exam is a significant milestone for many students aiming to study abroad. One of the key areas that often comes up in the reading and listening sections is physical chemistry properties. This topic can be daunting, but with the right approach, you can tackle it effectively. Let's explore some strategies and insights that will help you prepare.

1. Familiarize Yourself with Key Vocabulary ??

Understanding the terminology in physical chemistry is essential. Here are some important terms you should know:

• Thermodynamics: The study of energy transformations.
• Kinetics: The study of reaction rates.
• Equilibrium: A state where reactants and products are formed at the same rate.
• Phase Changes: Transitions between solid, liquid, and gas states.

Make flashcards with these terms and their definitions. Regularly reviewing them will help reinforce your understanding. You might also consider using apps that allow you to practice vocabulary in an engaging way.

2. Practice Reading Comprehension ??

In the reading section, you may encounter passages related to physical chemistry. Here’s a sample passage to practice with:

“The behavior of gases can be described by various laws, such as Boyle's Law and Charles's Law. Boyle's Law states that the pressure of a gas decreases as its volume increases, provided the temperature remains constant. On the other hand, Charles's Law indicates that the volume of a gas is directly proportional to its temperature when pressure is held constant.”

After reading, you might face questions like:

• What does Boyle's Law describe?
• How does Charles's Law relate to temperature and volume?

Practice answering such questions to enhance your comprehension skills.

3. Enhance Listening Skills ??

Listening exercises are equally important. You can find podcasts or lectures on physical chemistry topics. For example, listen to a lecture discussing reaction mechanisms and take notes. Here’s a potential listening prompt:

“In today's lecture, we will explore the concept of reaction mechanisms. A reaction mechanism is a step-by-step description of how reactants transform into products. Understanding these steps is crucial for predicting the outcome of chemical reactions.”

After listening, try to summarize what you heard. This will not only improve your listening skills but also help you retain information better.

4. Engage with Practice Questions ??

Utilizing practice questions can significantly aid your preparation. Here are some examples:

• Describe the role of catalysts in chemical reactions.
• Explain the significance of the Arrhenius equation in kinetics.

Try to answer these questions in a structured manner, focusing on clarity and conciseness. This will prepare you for the writing section as well.

5. Use Online Resources ??

There are numerous online platforms offering resources for TOEFL preparation. Websites like ETS, Magoosh, and Khan Academy provide valuable materials, including practice tests and interactive lessons. Make sure to utilize these resources to familiarize yourself with the exam format and types of questions.

6. Join Study Groups ??

Lastly, consider joining a study group. Engaging with peers can provide motivation and different perspectives on challenging topics. Discussing physical chemistry concepts with others can deepen your understanding and make studying more enjoyable.

By following these strategies, you can enhance your knowledge of physical chemistry properties and improve your overall TOEFL performance. Remember to stay consistent in your study habits and seek help whenever necessary. Good luck! ??

托福高難度閱讀技巧分享

作為托?？忌鎸?duì)高難度的閱讀部分,，掌握一些有效的技巧是非常重要的,。這不僅能幫助你提高閱讀理解能力,，還能在考試中節(jié)省時(shí)間和減少壓力。以下是一些實(shí)用的技巧,，希望能夠?qū)δ阌兴鶐椭??

1. 理解文章結(jié)構(gòu)

在閱讀之前,，先快速瀏覽文章的標(biāo)題,、段落首句和結(jié)尾句。這有助于你把握文章的整體結(jié)構(gòu)和主題,。例如,，許多學(xué)術(shù)文章通常會(huì)包含引言、方法,、結(jié)果和討論四個(gè)部分,。了解這些結(jié)構(gòu)可以幫助你更快地找到信息。

2. 關(guān)鍵詞識(shí)別

在閱讀時(shí),，注意文章中的關(guān)鍵詞和短語。這些詞通常能夠幫助你理解作者的主要觀點(diǎn)和論證,。例如,，在一篇關(guān)于“climate change”的文章中，關(guān)注“carbon emissions”,、“global warming”等詞匯，可以幫助你抓住重點(diǎn),。

3. 精讀與略讀結(jié)合

在考試中,，時(shí)間有限，因此需要合理安排閱讀方式,。在遇到較難的段落時(shí)，可以選擇略讀,，快速獲取大意,，而對(duì)于關(guān)鍵段落則進(jìn)行精讀。例如,，如果題目問到“What is the main argument of the author?”,，那么你就需要仔細(xì)閱讀相關(guān)段落以獲取詳細(xì)信息,。

4. 練習(xí)做題技巧

熟悉題型是提高閱讀成績的重要環(huán)節(jié)。常見的題型包括：

• Detail Questions: 這些問題通常要求你從文章中提取具體信息,。
• Inference Questions: 這些問題需要你根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容進(jìn)行推理,。
• Main Idea Questions: 這些問題關(guān)注文章的中心思想。

通過不斷練習(xí)不同類型的問題,，你將能夠更好地應(yīng)對(duì)考試中的各種挑戰(zhàn)。

5. 增強(qiáng)詞匯量

詞匯是閱讀理解的基礎(chǔ),。建議每天花一些時(shí)間學(xué)習(xí)新單詞,，并嘗試將其應(yīng)用到句子中,。例如,，學(xué)習(xí)“inevitable”這個(gè)詞，可以在句子中使用：“The consequences of climate change are inevitable.” 這樣可以幫助你在考試中更好地理解文章,。

6. 模擬考試環(huán)境

參加模擬考試可以幫助你適應(yīng)真實(shí)考試的節(jié)奏和壓力,。建議每周進(jìn)行一次完整的托福閱讀模擬測(cè)試，并嚴(yán)格按照考試時(shí)間進(jìn)行,。通過這種方式，你可以更好地管理時(shí)間,，提高應(yīng)對(duì)實(shí)際考試的能力,。

7. 分析錯(cuò)題

每次練習(xí)后，分析錯(cuò)誤的題目是非常重要的,。了解自己在哪些方面出現(xiàn)了問題，比如是否因?yàn)樵~匯不夠而導(dǎo)致理解錯(cuò)誤,，或者是否在細(xì)節(jié)上疏忽,。通過總結(jié)經(jīng)驗(yàn),，你可以不斷改進(jìn)自己的閱讀技巧,。

8. 保持良好心態(tài)

最后,，保持積極的心態(tài)是成功的關(guān)鍵。閱讀部分可能會(huì)讓你感到壓力,，但相信自己的努力和準(zhǔn)備,。記住，每一次練習(xí)都是向目標(biāo)邁進(jìn)的一步,！??

希望以上技巧能幫助你在托福閱讀部分取得更好的成績。祝你好運(yùn),！??