托福詞匯備考之藥劑類常用詞匯是每位考生都需要掌握的重要部分,。這些詞匯不僅在考試中頻繁出現(xiàn),，還在日常生活中具有實(shí)際應(yīng)用價(jià)值,。以下是一些常見(jiàn)的藥劑類詞匯,，幫助你更好地備考托福。

1. Analgesic

n. 鎮(zhèn)痛劑,，adj. 止痛的

2. Anesthetic

n. 麻醉劑

3. Antiseptic

n. 殺菌劑,，adj. 防腐的

4. Astringent

adj. 止血的,，收縮的,；n. 收縮劑,，止血?jiǎng)?/p>

5. Catalyst

n. 催化劑,，促使事情發(fā)展的因素

6. Coagulant

n. 凝結(jié)劑

7. Desiccant

n. 干燥劑

8. Detergent

adj. 凈化的,，n. 清潔劑

9. Disinfectant

n. 消毒劑

10. Dose

n. (藥)劑量,，一劑

11. Deodorant

n. 除臭劑,，防臭藥

12. Emollient

n. 潤(rùn)膚劑

13. Haemostat

n. 止血器,，止血?jiǎng)?/p>

14. Leaven

n. 發(fā)酵劑,，影響力,；v. 發(fā)酵，影響或改變

15. Lubricant

n. 潤(rùn)滑劑

16. Nebula

n. 星云,，噴霧劑

17. Opiate

n. 安眠藥,，鴉片制劑

18. Overdose

n. (藥物)過(guò)度劑量

19. Pesticide

n. 殺蟲(chóng)劑

20. Placebo

n. 安慰劑

21. Polish

v. 把…擦光亮；n. 上光劑,，(態(tài)度等)優(yōu)雅

22. Preservative

adj. 防腐的,，n. 防腐劑

23. Reagent

n. 試劑(導(dǎo)致化學(xué)反應(yīng))

24. Sedative

adj. 鎮(zhèn)靜的，n. 鎮(zhèn)靜劑

25. Solvent

adj. 有償債能力的,，n. 溶劑

26. Stimulant

n. 興奮劑,，刺激物

27. Tranquillizer

n. 鎮(zhèn)定劑

28. Styptic

adj. 止血的，n. 止血?jiǎng)?/p>

29. Precipitant

n. 戀劑,，adj. 突如其來(lái)的

30. Obtundent

adj. 止痛的,，n. 緩和劑

31. Abrasive

n. 研磨劑，a. 研磨的

32. Antihistamine

n. 抗組胺劑

33. Inhibitor

n. 止氧劑

通過(guò)掌握這些藥劑類詞匯,，你將能夠在托?？荚囍懈孕诺貞?yīng)對(duì)相關(guān)題目。希望這份詞匯表能為你的備考提供幫助,！

Preparing for the TOEFL can be a challenging journey, especially when it comes to mastering specific vocabulary related to various subjects. One critical area that many students find useful is pharmaceutical vocabulary. Understanding these terms can not only help you in the reading section but also enhance your speaking and writing skills. Here, we will explore essential pharmacy-related vocabulary that every TOEFL test-taker should know. ??

Key Vocabulary:

• Pharmacology: The study of drugs and their effects on the body.
• Prescription: A doctor's order for a specific medication.
• Dosage: The amount of a drug to be taken at one time.
• Side Effects: Unintended effects of a medication.
• Over-the-counter (OTC): Medications available without a prescription.
• Antibiotic: A type of medication used to treat bacterial infections.
• Analgesic: A drug that relieves pain.
• Antihistamine: A drug that counteracts allergy symptoms.
• Vaccine: A substance that stimulates the body's immune response.
• Pharmacy: A place where medications are dispensed.

Understanding these terms can significantly improve your comprehension of reading passages related to health and medicine. For instance, you might encounter a reading passage about the development of new vaccines. Being familiar with the term "vaccine" will help you grasp the main ideas more effectively. ??

Example Reading Passage:

"In recent years, the development of vaccines has been crucial in combating infectious diseases. Vaccines work by stimulating the immune system to recognize and fight pathogens. The importance of widespread vaccination cannot be overstated, as it helps achieve herd immunity within communities." ??

When preparing for the speaking section, you might be asked to discuss the importance of certain medications. Here’s an example question you could practice with:

Speaking Prompt: "Discuss the role of antibiotics in modern medicine. What are some potential risks associated with their overuse?"

Sample Answer:

“Antibiotics play a vital role in modern medicine by treating bacterial infections that can be life-threatening. However, the overuse of antibiotics can lead to antibiotic resistance, making it harder to treat infections in the future. It is crucial for both healthcare providers and patients to use antibiotics responsibly.” ??

In the writing section, you may encounter prompts that ask you to argue for or against certain medical practices. An example prompt could be:

Writing Prompt: "Some people believe that over-the-counter medications should be more strictly regulated. Discuss both sides and give your opinion."

Sample Essay Structure:

• Introduction: Introduce the topic and state your thesis.
• Body Paragraph 1: Discuss the benefits of easy access to OTC medications.
• Body Paragraph 2: Present the arguments for stricter regulation.
• Conclusion: Summarize your points and restate your opinion.

Additionally, practicing listening skills is essential. You might hear discussions about new drug developments or health policies. For instance:

Listening Text Example: "Today, we will discuss the latest advancements in pharmacology. Researchers are focusing on personalized medicine, which tailors treatments to individual patients based on their genetic makeup." ??

In conclusion, familiarizing yourself with pharmaceutical vocabulary will undoubtedly aid your performance on the TOEFL. Not only will it enhance your understanding of reading materials, but it will also improve your speaking and writing abilities. Consistent practice with these terms will prepare you for various sections of the exam and help you feel more confident on test day. Good luck! ??

備考托?？荚嚨倪^(guò)程中，詞匯的積累是非常重要的一環(huán),。無(wú)論是在聽(tīng)力,、閱讀還是寫(xiě)作中，擁有豐富的詞匯量都能幫助你更好地理解題目和表達(dá)自己的觀點(diǎn),。下面,，我將為大家分享一些備考托福的詞匯表和相關(guān)經(jīng)驗(yàn),，希望對(duì)你的備考有所幫助！??

1. 重點(diǎn)詞匯

在托福備考中,，有一些高頻詞匯是你必須掌握的,。以下是一些推薦的詞匯：

• Analyze - to examine something in detail
• Contrast - to compare in such a way as to emphasize differences
• Significant - important or meaningful
• Consequently - as a result; therefore
• Illustrate - to explain or make something clear by using examples

2. 常見(jiàn)話題

托福考試中的寫(xiě)作和口語(yǔ)部分涉及多個(gè)話題,，了解這些話題及相關(guān)詞匯有助于提高你的表現(xiàn),。以下是一些常見(jiàn)話題及其相關(guān)詞匯：

• Education: curriculum, pedagogy, scholarship
• Environment: sustainability, conservation, pollution
• Technology: innovation, digitalization, automation
• Health: nutrition, exercise, well-being

3. 詞匯記憶方法

為了更有效地記憶詞匯，你可以嘗試以下幾種方法：

• 使用詞匯卡片：將新單詞寫(xiě)在卡片上,，背面寫(xiě)上釋義和例句,，隨時(shí)隨地復(fù)習(xí)。
• 造句練習(xí)：用新學(xué)的詞匯造句,，加深理解和記憶,。
• 定期復(fù)習(xí)：制定一個(gè)復(fù)習(xí)計(jì)劃，定期回顧之前學(xué)習(xí)的詞匯,。

4. 聽(tīng)力與閱讀中的詞匯應(yīng)用

在托福的聽(tīng)力和閱讀部分,，遇到生詞時(shí)不要慌張?？梢酝ㄟ^(guò)上下文來(lái)推測(cè)詞義,。比如，當(dāng)你看到或聽(tīng)到“conservation”這個(gè)詞時(shí),，可以結(jié)合前后的內(nèi)容來(lái)理解它與環(huán)境保護(hù)的關(guān)系,。多做模擬題，培養(yǎng)這種能力是很有必要的,。??

5. 寫(xiě)作中的詞匯運(yùn)用

在托福寫(xiě)作中,，適當(dāng)使用高級(jí)詞匯可以提升文章的質(zhì)量。例如,，使用“illustrate”替代“show”,，或者“significant”替代“important”。同時(shí),，要注意詞匯的準(zhǔn)確性,，確保所用詞匯能夠恰當(dāng)?shù)乇磉_(dá)你的意思。??

6. 實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練

為了更好地掌握詞匯,，建議進(jìn)行實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練,。可以參考以下題目進(jìn)行寫(xiě)作練習(xí)：

Topic: The impact of technology on education.

Write an essay discussing the advantages and disadvantages of technology in the educational field.

在寫(xiě)作時(shí),，可以使用如“enhance”和“disrupt”等詞匯,，豐富你的論點(diǎn)。

希望以上分享能夠幫助你在托福備考中更好地掌握詞匯,，提高考試成績(jī),。記住,，詞匯的積累是一個(gè)長(zhǎng)期的過(guò)程，堅(jiān)持每天學(xué)習(xí)和復(fù)習(xí),，一定會(huì)有所收獲,！??

As a TOEFL test taker, mastering the vocabulary related to pharmaceutical sciences can significantly enhance your performance, especially in the reading and writing sections. This article will focus on essential English vocabulary in pharmacy, providing you with a solid foundation to tackle related questions effectively. ??

Understanding Key Terms

In pharmacy, certain terms are frequently used. Familiarizing yourself with these words can help you understand complex texts better. Here are some important vocabulary words:

• Pharmacology: The study of drugs and their effects on the body.
• Formulation: The process of combining various ingredients to create a medication.
• Dosage: The specific amount of a drug to be administered.
• Side Effects: Unintended effects that occur alongside the desired therapeutic effects of a drug.
• Contraindication: A specific situation or condition where a drug should not be used.

Practice with Sample Questions

To prepare for the TOEFL, practice answering sample questions that incorporate pharmaceutical vocabulary. Here’s an example:

Reading Comprehension Passage:

“The development of new medications often requires extensive research in pharmacology. Researchers must consider the formulation of the drug, ensuring that the dosage is appropriate for the target population. Additionally, they must evaluate potential side effects and contraindications to ensure patient safety.”

Sample Question:

What is the primary concern when developing new medications according to the passage?

• A) Cost of production
• B) Patient safety
• C) Marketing strategies
• D) Availability of ingredients

Answer: B) Patient safety

Writing Practice

When writing essays, it is beneficial to use pharmaceutical vocabulary accurately. Here’s a prompt you might encounter:

Essay Topic: Discuss the importance of understanding side effects and contraindications when prescribing medication.

In your response, you could start with an introduction explaining what side effects and contraindications are. Then, in the body paragraphs, elaborate on why healthcare professionals must be aware of these factors. Finally, conclude with a summary of their significance in patient care.

Listening Practice

Listening skills are crucial for the TOEFL. You may hear lectures or conversations about pharmaceuticals. Here’s a sample listening text:

Listening Text: “Today, we will discuss the role of pharmacology in developing effective treatments. It is essential to understand the formulation of drugs and how different dosages can impact their efficacy. Moreover, we must always consider possible side effects and contraindications to avoid adverse reactions.”

Sample Question:

What is one key element mentioned in the lecture regarding drug development?

• A) The popularity of the drug
• B) The formulation process
• C) The historical context
• D) The marketing plan

Answer: B) The formulation process

Expanding Your Vocabulary

To further expand your pharmaceutical vocabulary, consider the following strategies:

• Read scientific journals and articles related to pharmacy to see how these terms are used in context.
• Practice using new vocabulary in sentences to reinforce your understanding.
• Engage in discussions with peers or mentors in the field of pharmacy to gain insights and real-world applications of these terms.

By focusing on these strategies and understanding the relevant vocabulary, you will be well-prepared for any questions related to pharmaceutical sciences on the TOEFL exam. Remember, consistent practice and application of these terms will enhance your confidence and skills. Good luck! ??