托福閱讀高難度文章長(zhǎng)難句實(shí)例解析：恐龍滅絕于植物發(fā)展,。在托?？荚囍校喿x部分常常會(huì)出現(xiàn)復(fù)雜的長(zhǎng)難句,，這些句子不僅結(jié)構(gòu)繁瑣,，而且涉及的內(nèi)容往往需要考生具備一定的背景知識(shí)。本文將通過(guò)分析一段關(guān)于恐龍滅絕與植物發(fā)展的長(zhǎng)難句,，幫助考生掌握解讀技巧。

TOEFL Reading Example of Complex Sentence Analysis

Original Sentence:

Some have blamed dinosaur extinction on the development of flowering plants, which were supposedly more difficult to digest and could have caused constipation or indigestion, except that flowering plants first evolved in the Early Cretaceous, about 60 million years before the dinosaurs died out.

Structural Analysis:

This is a complex sentence featuring a relative clause introduced by "which," a conditional clause introduced by "except that," and a temporal clause introduced by "before."

Sentence Breakdown:

The main clause states "some have blamed dinosaur extinction on the development of flowering plants", where "some" is the subject, "have blamed" is the verb, and "dinosaur extinction" serves as the object. This implies that certain individuals attribute the extinction of dinosaurs to the emergence of flowering plants.

The relative clause "which were supposedly more difficult to digest and could have caused constipation or indigestion" modifies "plants," with "which" as the subject. The phrase indicates that these plants are thought to be harder to digest, potentially leading to digestive issues.

The conditional clause "except that flowering plants first evolved in the Early Cretaceous, about 60 million years before the dinosaurs died out" includes "flowering plants" as the subject and "evolved" as the verb, specifying that these plants began their evolution during the Early Cretaceous, prior to the extinction event.

Translation Reference:

例如,，一些人將恐龍滅絕歸咎于開花植物的發(fā)展，據(jù)說(shuō)這些植物更難消化,，可能導(dǎo)致便秘或消化不良,，除非開花植物在早白堊紀(jì),，恐龍滅絕前的大約6000萬(wàn)年前，就已經(jīng)開始進(jìn)化,。

通過(guò)以上的分析,，我們可以看到，托福閱讀中的長(zhǎng)難句雖然復(fù)雜,，但只要掌握句子的基本結(jié)構(gòu)和邏輯關(guān)系，就能有效提高理解能力,。希望考生們能夠運(yùn)用這些技巧,，輕松應(yīng)對(duì)托福閱讀中的挑戰(zhàn),，取得理想的成績(jī)。

托福閱讀高難度文章長(zhǎng)難句實(shí)例解析：恐龍滅絕于植物發(fā)展,。掌握長(zhǎng)難句的解析技巧,，將有助于你在托福閱讀中脫穎而出，取得高分,。祝你備考順利,！

托福考試中的閱讀部分常常讓考生感到壓力,，尤其是那些長(zhǎng)難句,。為了幫助大家更好地理解這些句子,，本文將分享一些有效的解析方法和技巧，讓你在備考過(guò)程中更加輕松,！??

1. 理解句子結(jié)構(gòu)

長(zhǎng)難句往往包含多個(gè)從句和修飾成分,，因此理解其基本結(jié)構(gòu)至關(guān)重要,。首先，找到句子的主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ),，這可以幫助你抓住句子的核心意思,。例如：

"Although the research was conducted in a limited environment, it provides valuable insights into the behavior of the species."

在這個(gè)句子中，“the research”是主語(yǔ),，“provides”是謂語(yǔ)。盡管有“Although”引導(dǎo)的從句,，但主句的意思依然清晰,。

2. 劃分句子成分

將長(zhǎng)句劃分為幾個(gè)部分,，可以幫助你逐步理解。例如：

"The study, which was published in a prestigious journal, highlights the importance of early intervention in educational settings."

我們可以將其劃分為：“The study” + “which was published in a prestigious journal” + “highlights the importance of early intervention in educational settings”,。這樣一來(lái),，句子的意思就變得更加明了。

3. 注意連接詞

連接詞在長(zhǎng)難句中起著重要作用,，它們通常指示著句子之間的關(guān)系。例如：

"Despite the challenges, the project was completed on time, which demonstrates the team's dedication."

“Despite”表示對(duì)比,，而“which”則引導(dǎo)了一個(gè)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句,，解釋前面的內(nèi)容,。這些連接詞幫助我們理解句子邏輯,。

4. 多做練習(xí)

通過(guò)不斷練習(xí),，你可以提高對(duì)長(zhǎng)難句的理解能力?？梢試L試以下題目：

"The author argues that, although there are numerous benefits to technology in education, there are also significant drawbacks that must be considered."

在解答時(shí),，注意分析作者的觀點(diǎn)以及句子中的轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系,。

5. 使用工具輔助

可以利用一些在線工具或應(yīng)用程序，幫助你進(jìn)行句子解析和詞匯學(xué)習(xí),。例如,，使用詞典查找不熟悉的單詞或短語(yǔ)，增強(qiáng)你的理解能力,。

6. 參考范文

以下是一篇參考范文，展示了如何有效地使用長(zhǎng)難句：

"In recent years, researchers have increasingly focused on the impact of climate change on biodiversity, revealing that many species are at risk of extinction due to habitat loss and changing environmental conditions."

在這句話中,，主語(yǔ)是“researchers”,，謂語(yǔ)是“have focused”,。雖然句子較長(zhǎng)，但通過(guò)分析,，我們可以理解其主要意思,。

7. 保持積極心態(tài)

最后，保持積極的備考心態(tài)是非常重要的,。遇到長(zhǎng)難句時(shí)，不要?dú)怵H,，逐步分析,，慢慢理解，你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)其實(shí)并沒(méi)有想象中那么復(fù)雜,！??

希望這些技巧能夠幫助你更好地應(yīng)對(duì)托福閱讀中的長(zhǎng)難句,，祝你備考順利,，取得理想的成績(jī),！??

Understanding the reasons behind the extinction of dinosaurs is both fascinating and complex. This topic has been a subject of extensive research and debate among scientists, and it can also serve as an excellent essay topic for TOEFL candidates. In this article, we will explore various theories regarding the extinction of dinosaurs, which can help you in your TOEFL writing and speaking sections. ??

1. The Asteroid Impact Theory

One of the most widely accepted explanations for the extinction of dinosaurs is the asteroid impact theory. According to this theory, approximately 66 million years ago, a massive asteroid struck the Earth near the present-day Yucatán Peninsula in Mexico. This event is believed to have caused catastrophic environmental changes, including:

• ?? A dramatic drop in temperatures due to dust and debris blocking sunlight.
• ?? Wildfires ignited by the heat of the impact.
• ?? Disruption of the food chain, leading to the extinction of many species.

This theory is supported by the discovery of the Chicxulub crater, which provides evidence of such an impact. The aftermath of this event likely created conditions that were unsustainable for dinosaurs, leading to their extinction.

2. Volcanic Activity

Another significant theory is related to volcanic activity. During the late Cretaceous period, extensive volcanic eruptions occurred in what is now India, forming the Deccan Traps. These eruptions could have released vast amounts of gases, such as sulfur dioxide and carbon dioxide, into the atmosphere. The potential consequences include:

• ??? Acid rain that could harm plant life.
• ??? Climate change due to greenhouse gases, leading to global warming.
• ?? Disruption of ecosystems, affecting food sources for dinosaurs.

Some researchers argue that the combination of volcanic activity and the asteroid impact could have created a perfect storm of environmental disasters that dinosaurs could not survive.

3. Changing Climate

The Earth's climate was undergoing significant changes during the late Cretaceous period. Factors such as sea level fluctuations and changing temperatures may have contributed to the decline of dinosaur populations. For example:

• ?? Rising sea levels could have submerged habitats.
• ?? Cooling temperatures might have made it difficult for cold-blooded dinosaurs to thrive.
• ?? Changes in vegetation could have affected herbivorous dinosaurs, leading to a ripple effect throughout the food chain.

These gradual changes may have put additional stress on dinosaur populations, making them more vulnerable to extinction events.

4. Competition and Adaptation

As mammals began to evolve and diversify, they started to compete with dinosaurs for resources. The emergence of new species could have further strained the already declining dinosaur populations. Some points to consider are:

• ?? Mammals may have been better adapted to changing environments.
• ?? Dinosaurs might have faced increased competition for food and territory.
• ?? Evolutionary pressures could have favored smaller, more adaptable species over larger dinosaurs.

This shift in dynamics could have played a role in the eventual extinction of dinosaurs.

5. Conclusion

In summary, the extinction of dinosaurs is likely a result of multiple factors, including asteroid impacts, volcanic activity, climate change, and competition with mammals. Understanding these theories not only enriches our knowledge of prehistoric life but also serves as an excellent topic for TOEFL essays. When preparing for your TOEFL exam, consider discussing how these factors interconnect and affect ecosystems. This approach will demonstrate your ability to analyze complex topics critically. Good luck! ??

For many students preparing for the TOEFL exam, the reading section can be particularly challenging. Here are some effective strategies that can help you tackle high-difficulty reading passages with confidence! ???

1. Understand the Structure of the Passage

Most TOEFL reading passages follow a clear structure. They often start with an introduction, followed by several body paragraphs, and conclude with a summary or a final thought. Familiarizing yourself with this structure can help you anticipate what information might come next. This will allow you to focus on key points rather than getting lost in details.

2. Skim for Main Ideas

Before diving into the details, take a few moments to skim the passage. Look for topic sentences and keywords. This initial scan will help you grasp the main ideas and themes of the text. For example, if you encounter a passage titled “The Impact of Climate Change on Marine Life”, you can expect discussions about ecosystems, species affected, and potential solutions. ????

3. Annotate as You Read

While reading, make notes in the margins or underline important points. This active engagement helps reinforce your understanding and retention of the material. For instance, if a passage mentions “coral bleaching”, jot down its significance and any related terms you encounter. This technique not only aids comprehension but also prepares you for answering questions later. ??

4. Focus on Vocabulary in Context

TOEFL reading passages often contain advanced vocabulary. When you come across unfamiliar words, try to deduce their meanings from the context. For example, if a sentence reads, “The phenomenon of bioluminescence is fascinating, yet it remains largely unexplored.”, you can infer that “fascinating” indicates something interesting. Building a strong vocabulary will enhance your overall reading skills. ??

5. Practice with Sample Questions

After reading a passage, practice answering sample questions. For instance, consider the question: “What is the primary purpose of the passage?” This will help you develop the ability to identify main ideas and supporting details effectively. Regular practice with different types of questions will also familiarize you with the test format. ??

6. Manage Your Time Wisely

The TOEFL reading section is timed, so it’s crucial to manage your time efficiently. Aim to spend about 20 minutes per passage, including reading and answering questions. If you find a passage particularly difficult, don’t dwell on it for too long. Move on and return to it if time permits. ?

7. Review Answer Explanations

After completing practice tests, review the explanations for both correct and incorrect answers. Understanding why an answer is right or wrong is essential for improving your skills. For example, if you answered incorrectly on a question about the author’s attitude, take note of the specific phrases that indicated tone or bias in the passage. This will help you refine your interpretation skills for future readings. ??

8. Stay Calm and Confident

Finally, maintain a positive mindset during your preparation and on test day. Stress can hinder your ability to focus and comprehend complex texts. Practice relaxation techniques, such as deep breathing, to stay calm. Remember, consistent practice will lead to improvement over time! ??

By implementing these strategies, you can enhance your reading skills and perform better on the TOEFL exam. Good luck with your studies! ??