句子分析

本句由but引導(dǎo)的兩個(gè)部分組成,，前半部分的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是have,，而后半部分則是以may be為謂語(yǔ),。后面的句子包含一個(gè)由if引導(dǎo)的條件從句，其主句為some of them may still be at least intermittently active,。括號(hào)中的內(nèi)容解釋了前述的100 million years ago,，可以暫時(shí)跳過(guò)。

詞匯總結(jié)

eruption作名詞,，意指“(火山)爆發(fā)”,。

impact作為名詞表示“撞擊; 影響”，例如：The impact pushed the engine backwards and crushed my legs.（沖擊力把發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)向后推,，擠傷了我的雙腿,。）
Warnings about the dangers of smoking seem to have little impact on this age group.（關(guān)于吸煙危害的警告似乎對(duì)這個(gè)年齡段的人沒(méi)有多大影響。）

crater是名詞,，指“(尤其是炸彈爆炸或天體墜落造成的)坑”,，同時(shí)也可作為動(dòng)詞，意思是“在地上形成坑”,。

slope為名詞,，表示“斜坡,，坡地”。

intermittent作為形容詞,，意味著“間歇的,，斷斷續(xù)續(xù)的”，例如：The weather forecast is for sun, with intermittent showers.（天氣預(yù)報(bào)顯示晴天,，伴有間歇性陣雨,。）
intermittent是托福閱讀中常考的詞匯,，與“sporadic”同義,。

句子翻譯

科學(xué)家們未能找到火山近期噴發(fā)或正在噴發(fā)的直接證據(jù)，但如果這些火山與1億年前一樣活躍（1億年前被認(rèn)為是根據(jù)坡面上的碰撞坑程度估算出的最后一次噴發(fā)時(shí)間）,，那么其中一些火山可能至少會(huì)intermittently active,。

以上內(nèi)容為托福閱讀中復(fù)雜長(zhǎng)難句的分析，希望考生能夠掌握有效的解題技巧,，以便在面對(duì)長(zhǎng)難句時(shí)輕松應(yīng)對(duì)，爭(zhēng)取高分,。

Understanding Complex Sentences in TOEFL Reading ??

As a TOEFL candidate, you might often find yourself grappling with long and complex sentences in the reading section. These sentences can be challenging but mastering them is crucial for achieving a higher score. In this article, we’ll explore effective strategies to tackle these lengthy structures, helping you enhance your comprehension and speed. ??

Breaking Down Long Sentences ??

Long sentences often contain multiple clauses and phrases that can confuse readers. Here’s a simple method to break them down:

• Identify the main clause: This is the core of the sentence. For example, in the sentence “Although the weather was bad, the event continued,” the main clause is “the event continued.”
• Look for subordinate clauses: These provide additional information but are not the main focus. In our example, “Although the weather was bad” is the subordinate clause.
• Highlight key phrases: Words like “however,” “moreover,” and “in addition” signal important transitions or additions to the main idea.

Practice with Sample Sentences ??

Let’s apply this technique to a sample sentence:

Main Clause: “The discovery of a new species has provided scientists with valuable insights into biodiversity.”

Subordinate Clause: “which had been hidden in the dense rainforest for centuries.”

This breakdown clarifies the sentence structure, making it easier to understand the overall meaning. ??

Useful Vocabulary for TOEFL Reading ??

Familiarizing yourself with common academic vocabulary can significantly improve your comprehension. Here are some words that frequently appear in TOEFL readings:

• Analyze: To examine something in detail.
• Significant: Important or noteworthy.
• Hypothesis: A proposed explanation for a phenomenon.

Sample Reading Topic and Questions ?

Let’s consider a possible reading topic:

Possible questions could include:

• What evidence does the author present regarding the effects of climate change on marine ecosystems?
• How do the changes in temperature affect fish populations?

Strategies for Effective Reading ?

Here are some strategies to enhance your reading skills:

• Skim first: Quickly read through the passage to get a general idea of the content.
• Focus on the introduction and conclusion: These sections often summarize the main points.
• Take notes: Jot down key ideas and vocabulary as you read.

Final Tips for Success ??

Practice regularly with various reading materials, including academic articles and essays. Consider using TOEFL practice tests to familiarize yourself with the format. Remember, consistency is key! The more you practice, the more comfortable you will become with complex sentences.

Understanding Volcanic Activity for TOEFL Reading Comprehension

As a TOEFL candidate, mastering reading comprehension is crucial, especially when dealing with scientific topics like volcanic activity. ?? This article will provide insights into how to approach reading passages on this subject effectively.

Key Vocabulary

Familiarizing yourself with relevant vocabulary is essential. Here are some important terms you might encounter:

• Volcano: An opening in the Earth's crust that allows molten rock, ash, and gases to escape.
• Magma: Molten rock located beneath the Earth's surface.
• Lava: Magma that reaches the surface during a volcanic eruption.
• Eruption: The process of expelling lava, ash, and gases from a volcano.
• Seismic Activity: Movements of the Earth that can indicate volcanic activity.

Sample Passage

When studying for the TOEFL, you may come across passages similar to the following:

“Volcanic eruptions can have significant impacts on the environment and human life. They occur when there is an increase in pressure within the Earth’s crust, leading to the expulsion of magma. Eruptions can vary in intensity, with some being relatively mild while others can be catastrophic, resulting in widespread destruction.”

Practice Questions

After reading a passage, it’s important to practice answering questions. Here are a few sample questions based on the passage above:

1. What causes volcanic eruptions?
2. How do eruptions affect the environment?
3. What are the different intensities of eruptions mentioned in the passage?

Answer Key

For the questions provided, here are the suggested answers:

1. Volcanic eruptions are caused by an increase in pressure within the Earth’s crust.
2. Eruptions can lead to widespread destruction and impact the environment significantly.
3. The passage mentions that eruptions can vary from mild to catastrophic in intensity.

New Topics to Explore

Consider exploring these related topics to enhance your understanding:

• The role of tectonic plates in volcanic activity.
• Historical volcanic eruptions and their effects on societies.
• Modern technology used to predict volcanic eruptions.

Listening Practice

Listening comprehension is another vital skill. You might hear discussions about volcanic activity in lectures or podcasts. Here’s a sample listening prompt:

“Today, we will discuss the different types of volcanoes and their characteristics. Shield volcanoes, for example, have gentle slopes and are primarily built up by the flow of low-viscosity lava. In contrast, stratovolcanoes have steeper profiles and are formed from layers of ash and lava.”

Tips for Success

Here are some strategies to enhance your reading comprehension skills:

• Skim the passage first: Get a general idea before diving deep.
• Highlight key points: Use a highlighter or take notes to track important information.
• Practice regularly: The more you read, the better you’ll understand complex texts.
• Review incorrect answers: Understand why your answer was wrong to avoid making the same mistake.

Conclusion

By focusing on vocabulary, practicing with sample passages, and employing effective reading strategies, you can improve your comprehension of volcanic activity and other scientific topics on the TOEFL. Good luck! ??