托福閱讀高難度文章長難度句實(shí)例解析：納瓦霍人的歌曲儀式,，本文將為考生提供有效的分析與解讀技巧，幫助大家在面對(duì)復(fù)雜句子時(shí)更輕松地理解其結(jié)構(gòu)與含義,。

TOEFL Reading Difficult Sentence Analysis: The Song Rituals of the Navajo

Example Sentence:

When the world, which was created in beauty, becomes ugly and disorderly, the Navajo gather to perform rituals with songs and make sand paintings to restore beauty and harmony to the world.

Structure Analysis:

The sentence begins with a time clause introduced by "when," which contains an embedded relative clause. The main clause follows after this introductory section.

Sentence Breakdown:

When the world, which was created in beauty, becomes ugly and disorderly

In the time clause, "the world" serves as the subject, followed by the relative clause "which was created in beauty," where "which" refers back to "the world." The verb phrase "becomes ugly and disorderly" is the predicate of the time clause. This part conveys the meaning: When the world, created in beauty, turns ugly and chaotic.

the Navajo gather to perform rituals with songs and make sand paintings to restore beauty and harmony to the world.

This is the main clause, where "the Navajo" is the subject, and "gather... and make" are the compound verbs forming the predicate. The phrase "to perform rituals with songs" indicates purpose, while "make sand paintings" serves as the object. The infinitive phrase "to restore beauty and harmony to the world" acts as an adverbial modifier. This portion means: The Navajo come together to hold rituals with songs and create sand paintings to bring back beauty and harmony to the world.

Reference Translation:

當(dāng)在美麗中創(chuàng)造的世界變得丑陋和無序時(shí),，納瓦霍人聚集起來用歌曲舉行儀式,，并用沙畫恢復(fù)世界的美麗與和諧。

通過以上分析,，托?？忌梢愿玫乩斫忾L難句的構(gòu)造與意義，提升閱讀能力,，面對(duì)考試時(shí)更加從容不迫,。希望大家能夠運(yùn)用這些技巧，取得理想的托福成績,！

Understanding the Navajo Song Ceremony ??

The Navajo people, known for their rich cultural heritage, have a unique way of expressing their traditions through music and rituals. One of the most significant aspects of their culture is the song ceremony. This article will explore the significance, elements, and impact of the Navajo song ceremony, particularly for those preparing for the TOEFL exam.

What is the Navajo Song Ceremony? ??

The Navajo song ceremony, or “sings,” is a traditional ritual that combines singing, dancing, and storytelling. These ceremonies are often conducted for healing purposes, celebrating life events, or honoring deities. The songs serve as a means of communication with the spiritual world, reflecting the deep connection the Navajo people have with nature and their ancestors.

Elements of the Ceremony ??

1. Singing: The heart of the ceremony lies in the songs, which are usually performed by a singer (known as a “medicine person”). The lyrics often describe natural elements, stories of creation, and the experiences of the Navajo people.

2. Dancing: Accompanying the songs, traditional dances symbolize various aspects of life, such as fertility, health, and harmony. Each dance has its own significance and is performed with specific movements that convey messages to the spirits.

3. Storytelling: Oral tradition plays a crucial role in the ceremony. Elders share stories that pass down knowledge, history, and values to younger generations. This practice not only preserves the Navajo culture but also strengthens community bonds.

The Role of Nature ??

Nature holds a vital place in the Navajo song ceremony. The songs often reference elements like the sun, moon, mountains, and rivers, emphasizing the belief that all living things are interconnected. This relationship fosters a sense of respect and responsibility towards the environment, a lesson that resonates well beyond the Navajo community.

Impact on the Community ??

The song ceremony is more than just a performance; it serves as a healing process for individuals and the community. It aids in addressing personal and communal issues, promoting unity, and restoring balance in people's lives. For those studying for the TOEFL, understanding such cultural practices can enhance your comprehension skills, especially in reading and listening sections.

Preparing for the TOEFL with Cultural Insights ??

As a TOEFL test-taker, you might encounter questions related to cultural practices and their significance. Here are some potential topics you could come across:

• Essay Prompt: "Discuss the importance of traditional ceremonies in preserving cultural identity."
• Reading Text: An article on indigenous cultures and their contributions to modern society.
• Listening Text: A podcast featuring interviews with cultural practitioners.

Vocabulary to Note ??

1. Ceremony: A formal event held on special occasions.

2. Ritual: A prescribed procedure for a religious or ceremonial act.

3. Heritage: Practices that are handed down from the past by tradition.

4. Interconnectedness: The state of being connected with each other.

Practice Questions ?

1. What are the main components of the Navajo song ceremony?

2. How does nature influence the songs performed during the ceremony?

3. In what ways can understanding cultural practices benefit TOEFL preparation?

By immersing yourself in the study of cultural practices like the Navajo song ceremony, you not only enrich your knowledge but also improve your language skills. This approach can be particularly helpful in enhancing your ability to interpret texts and respond to spoken language effectively during the TOEFL exam.

在托?？荚囍校喿x部分常常讓考生感到壓力,，尤其是長難句的理解,。掌握一些技巧可以幫助你更有效地應(yīng)對(duì)這些挑戰(zhàn)。以下是一些實(shí)用的技巧,，幫助你提高閱讀理解能力,，特別是在面對(duì)復(fù)雜句子時(shí)。

1. 理解句子的結(jié)構(gòu) ???

長難句往往包含多個(gè)從句和修飾成分,，因此首先要學(xué)會(huì)識(shí)別句子的基本結(jié)構(gòu),。通常，一個(gè)完整的句子由主語,、謂語和賓語組成,。找到這些基本成分后，再去分析其他修飾成分,。例如：

The book, which was published in 1999 and has won several awards, provides a comprehensive overview of the topic.

在這個(gè)句子中,，“The book”是主語，“provides”是謂語,，而“a comprehensive overview of the topic”是賓語,。通過拆解句子，你能更清晰地理解其含義,。

2. 注意連接詞的使用 ??

連接詞在長難句中起著重要的作用,，它們幫助我們理解句子之間的關(guān)系。例如,，“although”,，“however”，“because”等等,。這些詞通常指示因果關(guān)系,、轉(zhuǎn)折或條件。例如：

Although the weather was bad, the event continued as planned because many people had already arrived.

在這個(gè)句子中，“Although”引出一個(gè)轉(zhuǎn)折,，而“because”則解釋了事件持續(xù)的原因,。理解這些連接詞可以幫助你抓住句子的核心意思。

3. 尋找關(guān)鍵詞和短語 ??

在長難句中,，關(guān)鍵詞和短語能夠幫助你快速把握句子的主要內(nèi)容,。關(guān)鍵詞通常是名詞、動(dòng)詞或形容詞,，它們承載著句子的主要信息,。例如：

The rapid advancements in technology have significantly altered the way we communicate.

在這句話中，“rapid advancements”和“significantly altered”是兩個(gè)關(guān)鍵詞,，分別指代技術(shù)的發(fā)展和交流方式的改變,。關(guān)注這些關(guān)鍵詞，可以幫助你更快理解句子的意思,。

4. 多讀多練 ??

提高閱讀能力的最佳方法就是多讀,。在平時(shí)的學(xué)習(xí)中，盡量接觸各種類型的文章,，包括學(xué)術(shù)論文,、新聞報(bào)道和文學(xué)作品等。通過不斷的練習(xí),，你會(huì)逐漸熟悉長難句的結(jié)構(gòu)和用法,，從而提高理解能力。此外,，建議你在閱讀時(shí)做一些筆記，記錄下不懂的句子和詞匯,，主動(dòng)查找并理解它們,。

5. 利用模擬題進(jìn)行訓(xùn)練 ??

參加托福考試的考生可以利用模擬題進(jìn)行訓(xùn)練,。通過做題,，你不僅能提高解題技巧，還能熟悉考試的題型和時(shí)間限制,。以下是一個(gè)例題供你參考：

Reading Passage: The impact of climate change on biodiversity is profound, affecting species survival and ecosystem stability.

Question: What is the main idea of the passage?

Answer Choices: A) Climate change has no effect on biodiversity. B) Biodiversity is crucial for ecosystem stability. C) Climate change negatively impacts species survival and ecosystems. D) Species survival is independent of climate conditions.

正確答案是C,。通過練習(xí)這樣的題目，你能更好地理解長難句的含義,。

總之,，面對(duì)托福閱讀中的長難句，掌握句子結(jié)構(gòu),、注意連接詞,、尋找關(guān)鍵詞、多讀多練以及利用模擬題進(jìn)行訓(xùn)練都是非常有效的策略。希望這些技巧能幫助你在托?？荚囍腥〉美硐氲某煽?！??

Preparing for the TOEFL: High-Difficulty Article Practice ??

As a TOEFL test taker, you might have noticed that one of the challenges you face is understanding high-difficulty articles. These texts often contain complex vocabulary and intricate sentence structures that can be daunting. Here are some tips and strategies to help you tackle these challenging readings effectively.

1. Build Your Vocabulary ??

Expanding your vocabulary is essential for understanding difficult texts. Focus on learning academic words that frequently appear in TOEFL readings. For instance, words like "analyze", "interpret", and "synthesize" are commonly used. Create flashcards with definitions and example sentences to reinforce your learning.

2. Practice Active Reading ??

Active reading involves engaging with the text rather than passively consuming it. As you read, underline or highlight key points, and take notes in the margins. This technique helps you retain information and makes it easier to refer back to important concepts later.

3. Familiarize Yourself with Common Topics ??

TOEFL reading passages often cover similar themes such as environmental science, sociology, and history. By familiarizing yourself with these topics, you will find it easier to understand the context of the articles. For example, if you come across a passage about climate change, knowing the basic concepts will help you grasp the details more effectively.

4. Work on Comprehension Skills ??

To improve your comprehension skills, practice summarizing paragraphs after reading them. Ask yourself questions like, "What is the main idea?" and "What supporting details are provided?" This exercise will enhance your ability to identify important information quickly.

5. Utilize Practice Tests ??

Taking practice tests can significantly boost your confidence and readiness for the actual exam. Websites like ETS provide sample questions and reading passages that mimic the difficulty level of the TOEFL. Make sure to time yourself to simulate exam conditions.

Sample Passage for Practice ??

Passage: "The phenomenon of urbanization has led to significant changes in societal structures. As cities expand, the dynamics of community life shift, affecting everything from family relationships to economic opportunities. Urban environments often foster innovation but can also exacerbate social inequalities."

Questions:

1. What are two impacts of urbanization mentioned in the passage?
2. How does urbanization influence economic opportunities?

6. Join Study Groups ??

Collaborating with fellow TOEFL candidates can enhance your learning experience. Discussing and debating complex topics not only improves your comprehension but also allows you to hear different perspectives. This collaborative approach can make studying more enjoyable and productive.

7. Listen to Academic Lectures ??

Listening to lectures or podcasts related to academic subjects can help you become accustomed to the language and style used in TOEFL readings. Resources like TED Talks or educational YouTube channels offer a wealth of material that aligns with TOEFL content.

8. Stay Consistent ?

Consistency is key when preparing for the TOEFL. Set aside dedicated time each day to focus on reading and comprehension exercises. Even short, regular practice sessions can lead to significant improvements over time.

By incorporating these strategies into your study routine, you will be better equipped to handle high-difficulty articles on the TOEFL. Remember that persistence and practice are crucial components of success. Good luck with your preparation! ??