托福閱讀高難度文章長(zhǎng)難句實(shí)例解析：特奧蒂瓦坎古城

在備考托福的過程中，閱讀理解部分常常會(huì)遇到一些復(fù)雜的長(zhǎng)難句,。了解這些句子的結(jié)構(gòu)和含義,，對(duì)于提高閱讀能力至關(guān)重要。本文將對(duì)一段關(guān)于Teotihuacán古城的長(zhǎng)難句進(jìn)行分析,，以幫助考生更好地應(yīng)對(duì)托福閱讀中的挑戰(zhàn),。

Original Sentence Example:

The precise role of other factors is even harder to pinpoint—for instance, the religious significance of Teotihuacán as a shrine, the historical context in and around the Valley of Mexico toward the end of the first millennium B.C., the ingenuity and foresightedness of Teotihuacán’s elites, and finally, the impact of natural disasters such as volcanic eruptions in the late first millennium.

Vocabulary Explanation:

pinpoint /p?np??nt/ vt. 準(zhǔn)確描述，精準(zhǔn)解釋

shrine /?ra?n/ n. 圣地,，圣壇

millennium /m?'len??m/ n. 一千年

ingenuity /ind??'nu?ti/ n. 發(fā)明的才能,，設(shè)計(jì)的才能;巧妙，精巧

foresightedness n. 遠(yuǎn)見,，深謀遠(yuǎn)慮

Structural Breakdown:

雖然這個(gè)句子看起來很復(fù)雜,，但其實(shí)我們只需要關(guān)注主句，后面的部分主要是對(duì)因素的舉例說明,。這種句子常常采用并列結(jié)構(gòu),，像“A, B, C and D”這樣的形式，后面加上介詞短語(yǔ)或從句的修飾成分,，形成平行結(jié)構(gòu),。熟悉這種結(jié)構(gòu)，可以幫助我們更快地理解句子,。

在分析時(shí),，注意以下兩個(gè)稍長(zhǎng)的介詞短語(yǔ)：

(in and around the Valley of Mexico) 墨西哥山谷及其周邊

(toward the end of the first millennium B.C.) 公元前一千年末期

Reference Translation:

其它因素的準(zhǔn)確作用則更難精準(zhǔn)解釋——例如，Teotihuacán作為圣地的宗教意義,、在公元前一千年末期墨西哥山谷以及周圍的歷史情況,、Teotihuacán精英的機(jī)智和遠(yuǎn)見以及最后自然災(zāi)難的影響，如公元前一千年后期的火山爆發(fā),。

通過以上分析,，我們可以看到，長(zhǎng)難句的理解并不是不可逾越的障礙,。掌握句子的基本結(jié)構(gòu)和關(guān)鍵詞匯,，將有助于托福考生在閱讀中更加游刃有余,。希望這篇文章能為您的托福備考提供幫助,！

托福閱讀高難度文章長(zhǎng)難句實(shí)例解析：特奧蒂瓦坎古城,，讓我們一起努力,，爭(zhēng)取在托福考試中取得優(yōu)異的成績(jī)！

As a TOEFL test taker, understanding how to approach reading comprehension sections is crucial for achieving a high score. Today, I would like to share my insights on the topic of “Teotihuacan,” an ancient city in Mexico, which can serve as a great practice material for reading comprehension.

Background of Teotihuacan ???

Teotihuacan, located about 30 kilometers northeast of Mexico City, was one of the largest cities in the ancient world. At its peak around 500 AD, it housed over 100,000 residents and featured impressive structures such as the Pyramid of the Sun and the Pyramid of the Moon. The city is known for its unique architectural style and urban planning, which have intrigued archaeologists and historians alike.

Importance of Reading Comprehension ??

In the TOEFL exam, reading comprehension tests your ability to understand, interpret, and analyze written texts. The passages can range from academic articles to historical narratives. Familiarizing yourself with topics like Teotihuacan can enhance your understanding of cultural contexts, which is often tested in the exam.

Sample Passage

“Teotihuacan was a thriving metropolis that flourished between the 1st and 7th centuries CE. Its name means ‘the place where the gods were created’ in the Nahuatl language. The city was characterized by its grid-like layout and large ceremonial complexes. Archaeological evidence suggests that Teotihuacan was a multi-ethnic society, with various groups coexisting and contributing to the city’s culture. Despite its decline in the 7th century, Teotihuacan remains a significant symbol of ancient Mesoamerican civilization.”

Sample Questions ?

• What does the name “Teotihuacan” mean?
• During which centuries did Teotihuacan flourish?
• What evidence suggests that Teotihuacan was a multi-ethnic society?
• Why is Teotihuacan considered important in Mesoamerican history?

Vocabulary to Know ??

• Metropolis: A large and densely populated urban area.
• Ceremonial: Relating to ceremonies or rituals.
• Archaeological: Pertaining to the study of human history through excavation and analysis of artifacts.
• Multi-ethnic: Composed of or representing multiple ethnic groups.

Reference Answers ?

• Teotihuacan means ‘the place where the gods were created’.
• Teotihuacan flourished between the 1st and 7th centuries CE.
• Archaeological evidence suggests the presence of various groups coexisting in the city.
• Teotihuacan is significant for its contributions to ancient Mesoamerican civilization.

New Topic Ideas ??

• The influence of Teotihuacan on later Mesoamerican cultures.
• Comparison between Teotihuacan and other ancient cities like Machu Picchu.
• The role of trade in the development of Teotihuacan.

Listening Practice ??

To further enhance your skills, listen to lectures or podcasts about Teotihuacan. Pay attention to details regarding its architecture, cultural practices, and historical significance. This will not only improve your listening comprehension but also provide context for the reading passages you encounter in the TOEFL exam.

Practice Tips ??

1. Read a variety of texts related to Teotihuacan and take notes on main ideas and supporting details.

2. Practice summarizing passages in your own words to ensure understanding.

3. Engage in discussions about the topic with peers or tutors to deepen your comprehension.

In conclusion, studying subjects like Teotihuacan can significantly aid your preparation for the TOEFL reading comprehension section. By familiarizing yourself with diverse topics, enhancing your vocabulary, and practicing your reading and listening skills, you will be better equipped to tackle the challenges of the exam.

對(duì)于許多托?？忌鷣碚f,，閱讀部分的長(zhǎng)難句往往是一個(gè)不小的挑戰(zhàn)。本文將為您解析一些常見的長(zhǎng)難句結(jié)構(gòu),，并提供一些實(shí)用的技巧,，幫助您在托福閱讀中更好地理解這些句子。??

一,、理解長(zhǎng)難句的結(jié)構(gòu)

長(zhǎng)難句通常包含多個(gè)從句,、短語(yǔ)和修飾成分，這些成分可能會(huì)讓句子變得復(fù)雜,。為了有效地解析這些句子,，我們可以遵循以下步驟：

1. 找到主句：主句是句子的核心，通常包含主要?jiǎng)釉~和主語(yǔ),。例如,，在句子“The research conducted by scientists suggests that climate change is accelerating,”中，“The research suggests”是主句,。
2. 識(shí)別從句：從句通常以連詞（如that, which, who等）引導(dǎo),，起到補(bǔ)充說明的作用。在上面的例子中,，“that climate change is accelerating”是一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句,。
3. 分析修飾語(yǔ)：修飾成分可能是形容詞、狀語(yǔ)或其他短語(yǔ),，它們提供了額外的信息,。注意這些修飾成分的位置，以便正確理解句子的意思,。

二,、實(shí)例解析

讓我們通過一個(gè)具體的句子進(jìn)行分析：“Despite the fact that many people believe that technology has improved our lives, there are significant drawbacks that cannot be ignored.”

• 主句：“there are significant drawbacks”是主句，表明存在某種情況,。
• 從句：“that many people believe that technology has improved our lives”是一個(gè)名詞性從句,，作為主句的主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)充說明。
• 修飾語(yǔ)：“Despite the fact”是一個(gè)引導(dǎo)詞組,，表示轉(zhuǎn)折,，提示讀者注意后面的內(nèi)容。

三,、提升解析能力的技巧

要提高對(duì)長(zhǎng)難句的理解能力,，考生可以嘗試以下方法：

• 多讀英文文章：通過閱讀不同類型的英文材料，可以逐漸熟悉各種句子結(jié)構(gòu),，增強(qiáng)語(yǔ)感,。
• 做句子拆解練習(xí)：選擇一些復(fù)雜的句子,，逐步拆解并理解每個(gè)成分的作用。
• 參加模擬考試：通過模擬托福閱讀測(cè)試,，體驗(yàn)真實(shí)考試環(huán)境,，提高應(yīng)試能力。

四,、模擬題練習(xí)

以下是一個(gè)模擬題目,，供您練習(xí)：

Read the following sentence:

“Although the discovery of penicillin was a breakthrough in medicine, its widespread use has led to antibiotic resistance, which poses a serious threat to public health.”

Question: Identify the main clause and the subordinate clause in the sentence.

參考答案：主句是“its widespread use has led to antibiotic resistance”，而“Although the discovery of penicillin was a breakthrough in medicine”是一個(gè)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句,。

五,、最后的建議

面對(duì)長(zhǎng)難句時(shí)，不要?dú)怵H,。通過不斷的練習(xí)和積累,，您會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)自己在理解和解析句子方面越來越得心應(yīng)手。記住,，耐心和堅(jiān)持是成功的關(guān)鍵,。??

希望這些解析和技巧能夠幫助您在托福閱讀中取得更好的成績(jī)！祝您備考順利,！??

TOEFL High-Difficulty Reading Practice

As a TOEFL candidate, mastering high-difficulty reading passages is crucial for achieving a competitive score. The reading section often includes complex texts that challenge your comprehension skills. Here, I will share some effective strategies and tips to help you navigate these challenging passages with confidence. ??

Understanding the Structure of Passages

Most high-difficulty passages consist of several paragraphs, each with its own main idea and supporting details. It’s essential to identify the main idea of each paragraph as you read. This will help you understand the overall argument or narrative of the text. To practice this, try summarizing each paragraph in one sentence after reading it. ??

Developing Vocabulary Skills

A robust vocabulary is vital for tackling difficult texts. Make a habit of learning new words daily. Use flashcards to memorize definitions and practice using them in sentences. Additionally, when encountering unfamiliar words in a passage, try to infer their meanings from the context before looking them up. This skill will save you time during the exam. ??

Practice with Realistic Materials

Utilize authentic TOEFL preparation materials to familiarize yourself with the test format. Websites like ETS provide sample questions and reading passages that simulate the actual exam experience. Here’s a sample reading question to get you started:

Reading Text:

"The phenomenon of bioluminescence has fascinated scientists for centuries. Found in various organisms, including certain species of jellyfish and fireflies, this natural light production serves multiple purposes, from attracting mates to deterring predators."

Question: What is one purpose of bioluminescence mentioned in the passage?

Answer Choices:

• A) To provide energy for the organism
• B) To attract mates
• C) To camouflage from predators
• D) To communicate with other species

Correct Answer: B) To attract mates

Time Management Strategies

Effective time management is key during the reading section. Allocate about 20 minutes for each passage, including time for answering questions. If you find a particular question challenging, it’s better to move on and return to it later rather than getting stuck. This approach ensures that you complete all questions within the allotted time. ?

Utilizing Note-Taking Techniques

Taking notes while reading can enhance your understanding and retention of information. Jot down key points, unfamiliar terms, and any questions that arise as you read. This technique not only helps you stay engaged but also provides a quick reference when answering questions. Consider using a two-column format: one side for key points and the other for your reflections or questions. ???

Engaging with Listening Exercises

In addition to reading, practicing listening skills is equally important. Listening to academic lectures or discussions can improve your ability to comprehend spoken English, which is beneficial for both the reading and listening sections of the TOEFL. Try to summarize what you hear and identify the main ideas. Here’s an example of a listening prompt:

Listening Text:

"Today, we will discuss the impact of climate change on marine ecosystems. As ocean temperatures rise, many species are forced to adapt or face extinction. Understanding these changes is crucial for conservation efforts."

Question: What is one consequence of rising ocean temperatures?

Answer Choices:

• A) Increased fish populations
• B) Extinction of certain species
• C) Improved water quality
• D) Decreased sea levels

Correct Answer: B) Extinction of certain species

Staying Motivated and Consistent

Lastly, staying motivated is essential. Set achievable goals for your study sessions and reward yourself for reaching them. Consistency is crucial; try to dedicate a specific amount of time each day to TOEFL preparation. Whether it’s reading, listening, or practicing vocabulary, regular practice will lead to improvement over time. ??