托福閱讀高難度文章長難句實例解析：大氣引擎的設(shè)計優(yōu)缺點,。在托福閱讀中,，長難句常常讓考生感到困惑，掌握這些句子的結(jié)構(gòu)和含義對于提高閱讀理解能力至關(guān)重要,。本文將通過一個關(guān)于“atmospheric engine”的例子,，幫助考生更好地理解長難句的構(gòu)造和意義,。

Example of a Complex Sentence:

This “atmospheric engine” embodied revolutionary principles, invented by Thomas Savery and vastly improved by his partner, Thomas Newcomen, but it was so slow and fuel-inefficient that it could not be employed outside the coal mines for which it had been designed.

Vocabulary Explanation:

• embody /?m'b?d?/ v. to represent an idea or quality; to include or contain something
• employ = to make use of someone/something

Structural Analysis:

Modifier 1: (invented by Thomas Savery and vastly improved by his partner, Thomas Newcomen) is an inserted phrase that modifies this “atmospheric engine”. It’s important to note how the sentence is divided. The segment This “atmospheric engine” embodied revolutionary principles is separated, highlighting the importance of punctuation.

Translation: 這個由Thomas Savery發(fā)明并由他的搭檔Thomas Newcomen大力改善的“大氣引擎”體現(xiàn)了革命性的原理。

Modifier 2: (that it could not be employed outside the coal mines) is a clause that follows a so...that structure.

Translation: 不能在煤礦的以外的地方使用,。

Modifier 3: (for which it had been designed.) is another clause that modifies coal mines.

Translation: 引擎被設(shè)計用于煤礦,。

Reference Translation: 這個由Thomas Savery發(fā)明并由他的搭檔Thomas Newcomen大力改善的“大氣引擎”體現(xiàn)了革命性的原理，但它如此緩慢且浪費燃料,，以至于不能在煤礦之外使用,，盡管它原本是為了這個目的而設(shè)計的。

通過對上述句子的分析,，考生可以看到如何拆解復(fù)雜句子,，并理解其內(nèi)在邏輯。這種技能對于托?？荚囍械拈喿x部分尤為重要,，能夠幫助考生在面對長難句時更加從容。希望這篇文章能為你的托福備考提供幫助,，讓你在閱讀理解上取得更好的成績,。

對于托福考生來說,，閱讀部分往往是一個挑戰(zhàn),，尤其是長難句的理解。長難句不僅包含復(fù)雜的語法結(jié)構(gòu),，還可能涉及豐富的詞匯和概念,。因此，掌握長難句的解析技巧對提高閱讀理解能力至關(guān)重要,。本文將分享一些有效的解析方法,，幫助考生更好地應(yīng)對托福閱讀中的長難句。

1. 理解句子結(jié)構(gòu)

在解析長難句時,，首先要關(guān)注句子的基本結(jié)構(gòu),。通常，一個完整的句子包括主語,、謂語和賓語,。有時候，句子中會插入從句或短語,，這些部分可能會影響句子的主干,。例如：

“Although the experiment was conducted under controlled conditions, the results were not as expected.”

在這個句子中，“the experiment was conducted under controlled conditions”是主句,，而“Although”引導(dǎo)的從句則提供了額外的信息,。理解這種結(jié)構(gòu)可以幫助你更清晰地把握句子的意思。

2. 尋找關(guān)鍵詞

長難句常常包含許多修飾成分，因此識別關(guān)鍵詞至關(guān)重要,。關(guān)鍵詞通常是名詞,、動詞或形容詞，它們承載了句子的主要信息,。例如：

“The discovery of the ancient artifact, which was found buried deep in the ground, has provided new insights into the civilization that once thrived in the region.”

在這個句子中,，“discovery”、“artifact”和“insights”是關(guān)鍵詞,，通過這些詞,，我們能夠快速抓住句子的核心內(nèi)容。

3. 分析從句和修飾語

長難句中的從句和修飾語可能會使句子變得復(fù)雜,。我們需要逐步分析這些部分,，弄清楚它們與主句的關(guān)系。例如：

“The book, which was published last year and received critical acclaim, has become a bestseller.”

在這里,，“which was published last year and received critical acclaim”是對“the book”的修飾,，說明了書籍的背景信息。通過分析這些修飾成分,，可以幫助我們更好地理解句子的全貌,。

4. 多做練習(xí)

熟能生巧,，只有通過不斷的練習(xí),，才能提高對長難句的理解能力。建議考生可以通過以下方式進(jìn)行練習(xí)：1) 閱讀英文文章,，特別是學(xué)術(shù)性文章,； 2) 完成托福模擬題； 3) 與同伴討論難句的解析,。

5. 使用工具輔助理解

在遇到特別復(fù)雜的句子時,，可以借助語法書籍或在線語法檢查工具來幫助理解。這樣可以加深對句子結(jié)構(gòu)和用法的認(rèn)識,。

6. 積累詞匯量

詞匯是理解長難句的基礎(chǔ),，考生應(yīng)不斷積累相關(guān)領(lǐng)域的詞匯，以便在閱讀時能夠快速理解句子的含義,。推薦使用單詞卡片或手機(jī)應(yīng)用進(jìn)行記憶,。

通過以上幾點，相信考生在面對托福閱讀中的長難句時,，會更加游刃有余,。記住，多加練習(xí),，保持耐心,，逐步提高自己的閱讀能力！???

In recent years, the concept of atmospheric engines has gained significant attention in various fields, particularly in aerospace engineering and environmental science. This article aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of atmospheric engine design, which can be beneficial for TOEFL candidates looking to enhance their understanding of this topic. ??

Advantages of Atmospheric Engines

One of the primary benefits of atmospheric engines is their environmental sustainability. Unlike traditional engines that rely heavily on fossil fuels, atmospheric engines utilize ambient air as a key component of their operation. This reduces greenhouse gas emissions and minimizes the ecological footprint. ??

Another significant advantage is the efficiency in fuel consumption. Atmospheric engines can convert energy from the atmosphere into usable power, thereby decreasing the reliance on conventional fuel sources. This not only lowers operational costs but also promotes energy independence. ??

Moreover, atmospheric engines often have a simpler design compared to traditional engines. This simplicity can lead to lower manufacturing costs and easier maintenance. With fewer moving parts, the likelihood of mechanical failures decreases, enhancing overall reliability. ??

Disadvantages of Atmospheric Engines

Despite their advantages, atmospheric engines are not without challenges. One notable disadvantage is their limited power output. While they are efficient under certain conditions, atmospheric engines may struggle to generate sufficient power for larger applications, such as commercial aviation or heavy machinery. This limitation can hinder their widespread adoption. ?

Additionally, atmospheric engines can be highly sensitive to environmental conditions. Factors such as temperature, humidity, and altitude can significantly impact their performance. This variability can pose challenges for consistent operation, especially in regions with fluctuating weather patterns. ???

Furthermore, the initial research and development costs for atmospheric engines can be substantial. Investing in new technologies often requires significant funding, which may not always be available. Consequently, this can slow down innovation and delay the implementation of these engines in practical applications. ??

Conclusion

In summary, atmospheric engine design offers a mix of benefits and drawbacks. While they present promising solutions for reducing environmental impact and improving efficiency, challenges related to power output, sensitivity to conditions, and development costs must be addressed. For TOEFL candidates, understanding these dynamics can aid in developing well-rounded arguments and opinions on emerging technologies in their essays and discussions. ??