在準(zhǔn)備托?？荚嚨倪^程中,，閱讀理解部分尤其是長(zhǎng)難句的解析常常讓考生感到困擾。本文將通過一個(gè)關(guān)于氣候變化的高難度句子實(shí)例,，幫助考生更好地理解和應(yīng)對(duì)這類句子,，從而提高托福閱讀的成績(jī)。

Example of a Complex Sentence:

We need therefore to know how much the climate can vary of its own accord in order to interpret with confidence the extent to which recent changes are natural as opposed to being the result of human activities.

Sentence Analysis:

The word therefore serves as a logical connector that links to the previous sentence, indicating a conclusion rather than showing a cause-and-effect relationship within this sentence. The phrase of its own accord is a fixed expression meaning "naturally" or "spontaneously."

The clause starting with how much acts as an object clause following the verb know. The second part of the sentence includes a relative clause that modifies extent, which is originally placed in the phrase to some extent. This phrase is moved forward, and the preposition to is also placed before which, where which refers back to extent.

The expression as opposed to indicates contrast, highlighting the difference between natural changes and those caused by human activities. The object of the verb interpret is the extent, with the prepositional phrase with confidence inserted to modify interpret.

Translation Reference:

因此,，為了自信地解釋最近的氣候變化在多大程度上是自然發(fā)生的（與人類活動(dòng)所造成的結(jié)果相比較而言）,，我們需要了解氣候有多少是自行變化的。

通過以上分析,，希望托?？忌軌蛘莆臻L(zhǎng)難句的解析技巧，從而在閱讀部分輕松應(yīng)對(duì)復(fù)雜句子,，取得理想的分?jǐn)?shù),。面對(duì)托福閱讀高難度文章長(zhǎng)難句實(shí)例解析：氣候自行變化的程度,，不妨多加練習(xí),，提升自己的理解能力。

Understanding Long and Complex Sentences in TOEFL Reading ??

As a TOEFL test taker, you will undoubtedly encounter long and complex sentences in the reading section. These sentences can be daunting, but with the right strategies, you can decode them effectively. Here are some tips to help you tackle these challenging structures.

1. Break It Down ???

When faced with a lengthy sentence, the first step is to break it down into smaller parts. Look for punctuation marks like commas and semicolons; they often indicate natural pauses. For example, consider the following sentence:

"The research conducted by the scientists, which was funded by the government, revealed significant findings that could change our understanding of climate change."

In this case, identify the main clause: "The research revealed significant findings." The additional information can be set aside temporarily as you focus on the core message.

2. Identify Key Components ??

Next, pinpoint the subject, verb, and object of the sentence. This will help you grasp the main idea. In the previous example:

• Subject: The research
• Verb: revealed
• Object: significant findings

By identifying these components, you can understand what the sentence is fundamentally about.

3. Look for Contextual Clues ??

Context can provide valuable hints. Pay attention to words that indicate relationships, such as "however," "therefore," or "in addition." They can guide you in understanding how different parts of the sentence relate to each other.

For instance, consider this sentence:

"Although many people believe that technology improves communication, it can also lead to misunderstandings and isolation."

The word "although" signals a contrast, suggesting that there are both positive and negative aspects to consider.

4. Practice with Sample Sentences ??

Practicing with sample sentences can enhance your skills. Here’s a practice sentence for you:

"The artist, whose work has been featured in numerous galleries, aims to challenge societal norms through her provocative installations."

Try breaking it down and identifying the key components. Remember, practice makes perfect!

5. Use Resources Wisely ??

Leverage resources such as TOEFL prep books, online courses, and practice tests. Websites like ETS offer sample questions that can familiarize you with the types of sentences you may encounter. Additionally, consider joining study groups where you can discuss and dissect complex sentences with peers.

6. Stay Calm and Confident ?

Finally, maintain a positive mindset. It’s normal to feel overwhelmed by complex sentences, but remember that with practice, you will improve. Approach each reading passage with confidence, and don’t hesitate to revisit sentences if you need clarification.

Conclusion ??

Long and complex sentences in TOEFL reading can be challenging, but by breaking them down, identifying key components, and practicing regularly, you can master this skill. Remember, every test is an opportunity to learn and grow. Good luck with your preparation!

Understanding Climate Change in TOEFL Reading ??

As a TOEFL candidate, you may encounter various topics in the reading section, and one of the most pressing issues today is climate change. Familiarizing yourself with this subject can enhance your comprehension skills and prepare you for related questions. In this article, we will explore key aspects of climate change that are often featured in TOEFL readings. Let's dive in! ??

What is Climate Change?

Climate change refers to significant alterations in global temperatures and weather patterns over time. While climate change has occurred throughout Earth's history, recent trends are largely attributed to human activities, particularly the burning of fossil fuels. This process increases the concentration of greenhouse gases (GHGs) in the atmosphere, leading to global warming. ??

Key Concepts to Know

• Greenhouse Effect: This natural phenomenon allows the Earth to maintain a temperature suitable for life. However, excessive GHGs from human activities enhance this effect, causing temperatures to rise.
• Carbon Footprint: This term describes the total amount of greenhouse gases emitted directly or indirectly by an individual, organization, or product. Reducing one's carbon footprint is essential in combating climate change.
• Renewable Energy: Sources like solar, wind, and hydroelectric power are crucial alternatives to fossil fuels. They produce little to no GHG emissions, making them vital in reducing climate change impacts.

Common Themes in TOEFL Readings

When studying climate change, you may come across various themes in TOEFL readings. Here are some common ones:

• Impact on Biodiversity: Climate change affects ecosystems and species survival. Many species face extinction due to habitat loss and changing climates.
• Economic Consequences: The financial implications of climate change are significant. Extreme weather events can lead to costly damages and disrupt economies.
• Global Policies: International agreements like the Paris Agreement aim to limit global warming. Understanding these policies can help you grasp the global response to climate change.

Sample Reading Passage

Here’s a short sample reading passage you might encounter:

"Climate change poses a severe threat to both natural and human systems. As temperatures rise, many regions may experience extreme weather conditions, such as droughts, floods, and hurricanes. These changes not only affect agriculture but also threaten water supplies and human health. Mitigation strategies, including renewable energy adoption and conservation efforts, are crucial to address these challenges."

Practice Questions

After reading the passage, consider the following practice questions:

• What are two major effects of climate change mentioned in the passage?
• Why is adopting renewable energy important in the context of climate change?

Vocabulary to Enhance Your Skills

Here are some essential vocabulary words related to climate change:

• Adaptation: Adjusting practices, processes, and structures to minimize damage from climate change.
• Mitigation: Efforts to reduce or prevent the emission of GHGs.
• Sustainability: Meeting the needs of the present without compromising future generations' ability to meet their own needs.

New Question Prediction

In the upcoming TOEFL exam, you might see questions like:

• How does climate change impact global food security?
• What role do individuals play in combating climate change?

Listening Comprehension Tips

For the listening section, pay attention to lectures or discussions about climate change. Note the main ideas and supporting details, as they often relate closely to reading passages. Try summarizing what you hear in your own words to reinforce your understanding. ??

Final Thoughts

By familiarizing yourself with climate change concepts and practicing with relevant materials, you will improve your reading comprehension skills for the TOEFL. Remember to stay updated on current events related to climate change, as this knowledge can enrich your understanding and performance in the exam. Good luck! ??

托福高難度文章技巧分享

對(duì)于許多托福考生來說,，閱讀高難度文章是一個(gè)挑戰(zhàn),。如何有效應(yīng)對(duì)這些文章呢？以下是一些實(shí)用的技巧,，希望能幫助你提高閱讀理解能力,。??

1. 理解文章結(jié)構(gòu)

在閱讀之前，了解文章的基本結(jié)構(gòu)是非常重要的,。一般來說,，學(xué)術(shù)文章通常包括引言、主體和結(jié)論,。引言部分會(huì)提出主題,，主體部分會(huì)展開論述，而結(jié)論則總結(jié)主要觀點(diǎn),。在閱讀時(shí),，可以快速瀏覽每一部分，抓住文章的主旨,。

2. 識(shí)別關(guān)鍵詞

在高難度文章中,，關(guān)鍵詞往往是理解句子和段落的關(guān)鍵。注意一些轉(zhuǎn)折詞（如however, although）和因果關(guān)系詞（如because, therefore）,，這能幫助你理清思路,。例如，在遇到以下句子時(shí)：

“Although the results were inconclusive, they suggest a new direction for research.”

你可以通過“Although”和“suggest”來理解作者的態(tài)度和意圖,。

3. 精讀與泛讀結(jié)合

在備考過程中,，建議結(jié)合精讀與泛讀。精讀時(shí),，細(xì)致分析每個(gè)句子,，理解其含義；泛讀則是快速瀏覽,，抓住大意,。通過這種方式，你可以提升對(duì)文章的整體把握能力,，同時(shí)也能更好地理解細(xì)節(jié),。

4. 增加詞匯量

高難度文章常常使用復(fù)雜的詞匯和句型，因此增加詞匯量是非常必要的,?？梢酝ㄟ^閱讀不同領(lǐng)域的文章來積累詞匯。以下是一些常見的高頻詞匯：

• Analyze - 分析
• Interpret - 解釋
• Evaluate - 評(píng)估
• Significant - 重要的
• Consequently - 因此

5. 做好筆記

在閱讀過程中,，做筆記能夠幫助你更好地理解和記憶內(nèi)容,?？梢院?jiǎn)要記錄每段的要點(diǎn)和自己的理解，這樣在回答問題時(shí)會(huì)更加得心應(yīng)手,。

6. 練習(xí)模擬題

通過做一些模擬題來適應(yīng)考試的節(jié)奏和題型,。例如，以下是一個(gè)模擬閱讀題：

Passage: “The impact of climate change on biodiversity is profound and far-reaching. Species extinction rates are accelerating, and ecosystems are being disrupted.”

Question: What does the passage primarily discuss?

Answer: The effects of climate change on biodiversity.

7. 時(shí)間管理

在托?？荚囍?，時(shí)間管理是關(guān)鍵。建議在每篇文章上花費(fèi)不超過20分鐘,，確保有足夠的時(shí)間完成所有題目,。可以設(shè)置計(jì)時(shí)器,，幫助自己控制時(shí)間,。

8. 多做模擬練習(xí)

最后，進(jìn)行多次模擬考試是非常有效的提升方法,。通過不斷練習(xí),，你將逐漸適應(yīng)高難度文章的閱讀，并提高解題速度和準(zhǔn)確性,?？梢允褂迷诰€資源或購買模擬試卷進(jìn)行練習(xí)。

希望以上技巧能夠幫助你在托?？荚囍腥〉煤贸煽?jī),！祝你備考順利！??