托福閱讀經(jīng)典加試 13化石和巖石是許多考生在備考過程中需要重點關注的內(nèi)容,。本文將為大家詳細解析這一加試部分,，希望能夠幫助考生更好地應對托?？荚嚒?/p>

TOEFL Reading Supplementary Test: Fossils and Rocks

A person named Smith had a passion for collecting stones since childhood. As he grew older, he began to study rock layers. During his time working in a quarry, he had ample opportunities to research rocks and fossils. He later proposed a theory emphasizing that fossils provide precise information about time. Along with another scientist, he discovered that the distribution of animals could aid in dating fossils. These theories remain relevant today. Subsequently, some researchers suggested that the classification of plants could also be beneficial for studying fossils and rocks.

One vocabulary question from this section is: rudimentary = basic.

TOEFL Reading Supplementary Test: Plant Defense System

This section covers the defense system of plants and how scientists have demonstrated its significance in deterring animals from feeding on them. One question highlights that while herbivores consume their seeds, they also assist in their dissemination and reproduction.

In conclusion, the insights shared in this article regarding the TOEFL Reading Classic Supplement on fossils and rocks are intended to aid students in their preparation. We wish all candidates the best of luck in achieving their desired scores in the TOEFL examination!

對于許多托?？忌鷣碚f,，閱讀部分的加試可能會讓他們感到緊張。加試是ETS為了確?？荚嚨墓叫远O置的一部分,，通常包括額外的閱讀題目。了解一些有效的技巧可以幫助你在這部分取得更好的成績,。以下是一些實用的托福閱讀加試技巧,，希望能對你有所幫助！??

1. 理解加試的目的

托福加試并不是為了懲罰考生,，而是為了測試新題目的有效性,。你可能會在加試中看到一些之前沒有見過的題目，因此,，保持開放的心態(tài)是關鍵,。記住，你的主要目標是盡量獲得高分,，而不是擔心加試的內(nèi)容。

2. 時間管理至關重要

在托福閱讀部分,，時間是一個重要因素,。一般來說，每篇文章后面有10個問題,，你需要在60分鐘內(nèi)完成,。因此，建議你遵循以下時間分配：

• 快速瀏覽每篇文章（約2-3分鐘）,，抓住大意和結(jié)構(gòu),。
• 在每篇文章上花費大約15分鐘回答問題。
• 留出最后的幾分鐘檢查答案,。

3. 熟悉常見題型

托福閱讀中常見的題型包括：

• Main Idea Questions: 這些問題通常詢問文章的主旨或中心思想,。
• Detail Questions: 這些問題要求你找到文中具體的信息。
• Inference Questions: 這些問題需要你根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容進行推理,。
• Vocabulary Questions: 這些問題會詢問某個詞的意思,。

了解這些題型可以幫助你更快地找到答案，并提高你的答題效率,。??

4. 注意關鍵詞和信號詞

在閱讀過程中,，注意那些表示對比、因果關系和順序的信號詞,。例如：

• Contrast: however, on the other hand
• Cause and Effect: because, therefore
• Sequence: first, next, finally

這些詞能夠幫助你理解文章的邏輯結(jié)構(gòu),，從而更好地回答問題,。

5. 多做模擬練習

進行模擬考試是提升閱讀能力的有效方法。通過使用官方的托福練習材料,，你可以熟悉加試的格式和題型,。建議每周至少進行一次完整的模擬考試，以提高自己的應試能力,。??

6. 學會排除法

如果你對某個問題不確定,，嘗試使用排除法。首先,，找出明顯錯誤的選項,，然后在剩下的選項中進行選擇。這個技巧可以提高你的答題準確率,。

7. 保持良好的心理狀態(tài)

考試期間,，保持冷靜和自信是非常重要的。適當?shù)姆潘珊头e極的心態(tài)可以幫助你更好地應對加試,。記得深呼吸,，給自己積極的暗示，相信自己的能力,。??

總之,，托福閱讀加試雖然可能會讓人感到壓力，但通過合理的策略和充分的準備,，你完全可以迎接挑戰(zhàn),。希望以上技巧能夠幫助你在考試中取得優(yōu)異的成績！祝你好運,！??

Understanding Fossils and Rocks in TOEFL Reading ??

As a TOEFL test taker, you may encounter passages related to fossils and rocks. These topics can be fascinating yet challenging. This article aims to provide insights into how to effectively approach reading comprehension questions on these subjects.

Key Vocabulary ??

• Fossil: The preserved remains or traces of ancient organisms.
• Sedimentary Rock: Rock formed by the accumulation of sediment.
• Paleontology: The study of fossils and ancient life forms.
• Stratification: The layering of rocks and sediments over time.
• Geological Time Scale: A system of chronological dating that relates geological strata to time.

Sample Passage ??

Here’s a brief excerpt that might resemble what you could find in the TOEFL reading section:

"Fossils are crucial for understanding Earth’s history. They provide evidence of past life forms and their environments. Paleontologists study fossils to reconstruct ancient ecosystems. Sedimentary rocks often contain fossils because they form in layers, capturing organic material over time. The geological time scale helps scientists date these fossils and understand the evolutionary timeline."

Practice Questions ?

After reading the passage, you may encounter questions like:

1. What is the primary purpose of studying fossils?
2. How do sedimentary rocks contribute to paleontology?
3. What role does the geological time scale play in understanding fossils?

Answering Strategies ??

When tackling reading comprehension questions, consider the following strategies:

• Skim the Passage: Quickly read through the passage to get a general idea of the content. Look for keywords related to fossils and rocks.
• Highlight Important Information: As you read, underline or highlight key phrases and terms that relate to the questions.
• Refer Back to the Text: For each question, refer back to the relevant part of the passage to find evidence for your answer.
• Eliminate Wrong Answers: Often, you can eliminate one or two options that clearly do not match the information in the passage.

New Topics to Watch For ??

Stay updated with trends in TOEFL reading passages. Potential new topics might include:

• The impact of climate change on fossil preservation.
• Recent discoveries in paleontology.
• Technological advancements in studying geological formations.

Listening Practice ??

In addition to reading, listening exercises can also enhance your understanding of fossils and rocks. Here’s a sample listening text you might encounter:

"Today, we will discuss the significance of fossils in understanding the evolution of species. Fossils not only tell us what life was like millions of years ago but also help us understand the environmental changes that have occurred over time. By studying rock layers, scientists can piece together a timeline of Earth's history."

Listening Questions ??

After listening, you might be asked:

1. What are fossils used for in scientific research?
2. How do rock layers assist in constructing Earth's history?

Final Thoughts ??

Approaching TOEFL reading passages on fossils and rocks requires a combination of good reading strategies and an understanding of the subject matter. Familiarize yourself with the vocabulary, practice with sample passages, and engage with both reading and listening materials. This preparation will help you feel more confident and improve your performance on test day!

在備戰(zhàn)托福考試的過程中,，閱讀部分常常是考生們最為關注的環(huán)節(jié)之一,。理解各種題型的特點和解題技巧，對于提高閱讀分數(shù)至關重要,。本文將針對托福閱讀中的經(jīng)典題型進行詳細解析,，幫助考生更好地應對考試。

1. 主旨大意題 (Main Idea Questions) ??

主旨大意題通常要求考生概括整篇文章的主題或中心思想,。這類題目往往出現(xiàn)在段落的首尾,，考生需要把握文章的整體結(jié)構(gòu)和作者的意圖。

例如,，題目可能是：“What is the main idea of the passage?” 參考答案可能是：“The passage discusses the impact of climate change on marine life.”

在解答這類題目時,，可以通過以下幾個步驟來提高準確率：

• 快速瀏覽每段的首句和尾句，獲取段落的關鍵點,。
• 注意轉(zhuǎn)折詞和強調(diào)詞,，它們通常指示著作者的態(tài)度和重點,。
• 在選項中排除與文章無關的內(nèi)容，集中于與文章主題一致的選項,。

2. 細節(jié)理解題 (Detail Questions) ??

細節(jié)理解題要求考生從文章中找出具體信息,。這類題目通常會使用一些關鍵詞，如“according to the passage”或“the author states that”,。

例如,，題目可能是：“According to the passage, what is one reason for the decline in bee populations?” 參考答案可能是：“Pesticide use has been linked to the decline in bee populations.”

解答細節(jié)題時，建議采取以下策略：

• 仔細閱讀相關段落,，確保理解上下文,。
• 在閱讀時做筆記，記錄重要的信息和數(shù)據(jù),。
• 在選項中尋找與文章內(nèi)容直接對應的句子或短語,。

3. 推理判斷題 (Inference Questions) ??

推理判斷題要求考生根據(jù)文章信息進行推斷。這類題目通常不會在文章中直接給出答案,，而是需要考生結(jié)合上下文進行邏輯推理,。

例如，題目可能是：“What can be inferred about the author’s opinion on renewable energy?” 參考答案可能是：“The author supports the development of renewable energy sources.”

為了提高推理題的解答能力,，可以嘗試以下方法：

• 理解作者的語氣和態(tài)度,，通過詞匯和句式判斷其立場。
• 關注段落之間的聯(lián)系,，分析信息如何相互支持,。
• 避免過度推測，確保推論基于文本中的信息,。

4. 詞匯題 (Vocabulary Questions) ??

詞匯題通常要求考生根據(jù)上下文猜測某個單詞或短語的意思,。這類題目考察考生的詞匯量和理解能力,。

例如,，題目可能是：“In line 12, the word ‘mitigate’ most nearly means…” 參考答案可能是：“to lessen or reduce.”

解答詞匯題時，可以采用以下策略：

• 通過上下文理解單詞的含義,，尤其是前后句的提示,。
• 如果不確定，可以看其他選項,，尋找與已知詞匯相近的意思,。
• 積累詞匯，特別是常見的學術詞匯,，以備不時之需,。

5. 結(jié)構(gòu)題 (Organization Questions) ???

結(jié)構(gòu)題考查文章的組織方式，包括段落的安排和邏輯關系,。這類題目可能會問到某一段落的功能或順序,。

例如,，題目可能是：“How does the second paragraph relate to the first?” 參考答案可能是：“It provides an example that supports the main idea presented in the first paragraph.”

解答結(jié)構(gòu)題時，可以考慮以下幾點：

• 了解文章的整體結(jié)構(gòu),，識別各段落的功能,。
• 注意段落之間的連接詞，幫助理解邏輯關系,。
• 練習分析不同類型的文章,，提升對結(jié)構(gòu)的敏感度。

通過掌握這些經(jīng)典題型的解題技巧,，考生可以更加從容地面對托福閱讀部分的挑戰(zhàn),。不斷練習和總結(jié)經(jīng)驗，將有助于提高閱讀理解能力,，并最終取得理想的成績,。祝愿每位考生都能在托福考試中取得優(yōu)異的表現(xiàn),！??