在托?？荚囍?，閱讀部分常常會(huì)出現(xiàn)一些復(fù)雜的長(zhǎng)難句，這些句子不僅考查考生的語(yǔ)言理解能力,，還考驗(yàn)他們的分析和推理能力,。本文將對(duì)“amphibians are unable to...”這一長(zhǎng)難句進(jìn)行深度解析,，幫助托福考生提高閱讀理解能力,。

長(zhǎng)難句解析：

原句：In contrast to mammals and birds, amphibians are unable to produce thermal energy through their metabolic activity, which would allow them to regulate their body temperature independent of the surrounding or ambient temperature.

結(jié)構(gòu)分析：

該句為復(fù)合句,，包含一個(gè)主句和一個(gè)由which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。

句子分析：

首先,，“In contrast to mammals and birds”是一個(gè)狀語(yǔ),，表明與哺乳動(dòng)物和鳥(niǎo)類的對(duì)比。接下來(lái),，“amphibians”是主語(yǔ),，“are unable to produce”是謂語(yǔ)，“thermal energy”是賓語(yǔ),，而“through their metabolic activity”則是修飾成分,，說(shuō)明熱量產(chǎn)生的方式,。本句的意思是：與哺乳動(dòng)物和鳥(niǎo)類不同,，兩棲動(dòng)物無(wú)法通過(guò)其代謝活動(dòng)產(chǎn)生熱量。

接下來(lái)的部分由which引導(dǎo),，從句的主語(yǔ)是“which”,，謂語(yǔ)為“would allow”，而“them”是賓語(yǔ),，“to regulate their body temperature”則是賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ),，最后的“independent of the surrounding or ambient temperature”是定語(yǔ)，進(jìn)一步說(shuō)明調(diào)節(jié)體溫的條件,。這部分的意思是：這將使它們能夠不受周圍環(huán)境溫度的影響來(lái)調(diào)節(jié)自身的體溫,。

參考翻譯：

與哺乳動(dòng)物和鳥(niǎo)類相比，兩棲動(dòng)物無(wú)法通過(guò)它們的代謝活動(dòng)產(chǎn)生熱量,，這使得它們能夠獨(dú)立于周圍環(huán)境溫度來(lái)調(diào)節(jié)體溫,。

通過(guò)對(duì)這一長(zhǎng)難句的分析，我們可以看到,，盡管句子結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜,，但只要掌握了關(guān)鍵的語(yǔ)法點(diǎn)和邏輯關(guān)系，考生就能順利理解句子的含義,。希望本文的解讀能夠幫助托?？忌嵘喿x能力，取得優(yōu)異的成績(jī),。

Understanding Long Sentences in TOEFL Reading

As a TOEFL candidate, you might have noticed that the reading section often includes long and complex sentences. These sentences can be challenging to comprehend, but with some strategies, you can improve your understanding and performance. Here are some tips to help you tackle long sentences effectively. ??

1. Break It Down

When faced with a long sentence, try to break it down into smaller parts. Identify the main clause and any subordinate clauses. For example, consider the following sentence:

“Although many people believe that technology will inevitably lead to a more connected world, there are significant concerns about privacy and data security that must be addressed.”

In this sentence, the main clause is “there are significant concerns about privacy and data security.” The introductory clause “Although many people believe…” provides context but can be set aside temporarily for clarity. By isolating the main idea, you can better understand the author's argument. ??

2. Look for Keywords

Keywords can guide you through the meaning of a sentence. Words like “however,” “although,” “because,” and “therefore” signal relationships between ideas. In the previous example, “Although” suggests a contrast, indicating that despite the belief in technology's benefits, there are important issues to consider. Pay attention to these connectors as they can clarify the sentence's meaning. ??

3. Practice with Sample Sentences

Practicing with sample sentences can enhance your skills. Here’s a practice sentence:

“The discovery of ancient artifacts, which were unearthed during the construction of a new highway, has provided archaeologists with invaluable insights into early human civilization.”

Try breaking it down: The main clause is “has provided archaeologists with invaluable insights.” The phrase “which were unearthed during the construction of a new highway” adds detail but isn’t essential to the main idea. ??

4. Familiarize Yourself with Common Structures

Many long sentences in academic texts follow certain structures. Familiarizing yourself with these can help you anticipate the flow of information. For instance, sentences often start with an introductory phrase, followed by a main clause, and then additional details. Understanding these patterns can make it easier to parse complex sentences. ??

5. Use Context Clues

Context clues are essential for understanding unfamiliar vocabulary within long sentences. If you encounter a word you don’t know, look at the surrounding words and phrases for hints about its meaning. This strategy can help you grasp the overall message even if you stumble over specific terms. ??

6. Practice Regularly

Regular practice is key to mastering long sentences. Use TOEFL practice materials, read academic articles, and engage with complex texts to improve your skills. The more you expose yourself to different sentence structures, the more comfortable you will become in identifying main ideas and supporting details. ??

Conclusion

By applying these strategies, you can enhance your ability to understand long sentences in the TOEFL reading section. Remember to break down sentences, look for keywords, practice regularly, and use context clues. With time and effort, you will find that these complex sentences become easier to navigate, ultimately boosting your confidence and performance on the exam. Good luck! ??

托福（TOEFL）考試中的閱讀部分對(duì)許多考生來(lái)說(shuō)是一個(gè)挑戰(zhàn),。為了幫助大家更好地應(yīng)對(duì)這一部分，本文將分享一些有效的閱讀技巧與策略,。??

1. 理解題型

在托福閱讀中,，有幾種常見(jiàn)的題型,，例如：

• Detail Questions: 這些問(wèn)題要求你找到特定的信息。
• Inference Questions: 需要你根據(jù)文本推斷出作者的意圖或觀點(diǎn),。
• Vocabulary Questions: 詢問(wèn)某個(gè)單詞在特定上下文中的意思,。
• Summary Questions: 要求你總結(jié)段落或整篇文章的主要內(nèi)容。

了解每種題型的特點(diǎn),，可以幫助你在閱讀時(shí)更有針對(duì)性,。??

2. 提高閱讀速度

托福閱讀的時(shí)間有限，因此提高閱讀速度至關(guān)重要,。以下是一些提高閱讀速度的方法：

• 練習(xí)快速瀏覽（skimming）和掃讀（scanning）技巧,。快速瀏覽可以幫助你獲取文章的主題和大意,，而掃讀則能讓你快速定位關(guān)鍵信息,。
• 每天堅(jiān)持閱讀英文材料，例如新聞,、雜志或?qū)W術(shù)文章,，這會(huì)逐漸提高你的閱讀能力和速度。

記得在練習(xí)時(shí)使用計(jì)時(shí)器,，以便掌握時(shí)間管理,。?

3. 做筆記

在閱讀過(guò)程中，做簡(jiǎn)短的筆記可以幫助你記住重要信息,。你可以嘗試以下方法：

• 在每段的開(kāi)頭寫(xiě)下主題句的關(guān)鍵詞,。
• 標(biāo)記出重要的細(xì)節(jié)和例子。
• 使用縮寫(xiě)和符號(hào)來(lái)提高記錄速度,。

這樣做不僅能幫助你更好地理解文章,，也能在回答問(wèn)題時(shí)迅速找到所需的信息。??

4. 分析答案選項(xiàng)

在回答問(wèn)題時(shí),，仔細(xì)分析每個(gè)選項(xiàng)是非常重要的,。考慮以下幾點(diǎn)：

• 排除明顯錯(cuò)誤的選項(xiàng),，這樣可以提高選擇正確答案的概率,。
• 注意題干中的關(guān)鍵詞，這些詞通常會(huì)引導(dǎo)你找到正確答案,。
• 如果不確定答案,，嘗試回到文章中尋找相關(guān)信息，而不是憑直覺(jué)選擇,。??

5. 進(jìn)行模擬測(cè)試

模擬測(cè)試是檢驗(yàn)?zāi)汩喿x能力的重要手段,。通過(guò)完整的托福閱讀模擬測(cè)試，你可以：

• 熟悉考試的時(shí)間限制和題型,。
• 評(píng)估自己的閱讀速度和理解能力,。
• 找出薄弱環(huán)節(jié)并進(jìn)行針對(duì)性練習(xí),。

建議每周至少進(jìn)行一次模擬測(cè)試，并在測(cè)試后認(rèn)真分析錯(cuò)題,。??

6. 學(xué)習(xí)詞匯

豐富的詞匯量是提高閱讀理解能力的基礎(chǔ),。你可以：

• 每天學(xué)習(xí)新單詞，并嘗試在日常交流中使用它們,。
• 制作詞匯卡片,，幫助記憶和復(fù)習(xí)。
• 通過(guò)上下文猜測(cè)生詞的意思,，這在閱讀時(shí)尤其重要,。

詞匯的積累是一個(gè)長(zhǎng)期過(guò)程，但它會(huì)顯著提高你的閱讀理解能力,。??

通過(guò)以上的技巧與策略,，相信你能夠在托福閱讀部分取得更好的成績(jī)。保持耐心和恒心,，不斷練習(xí),，你一定會(huì)看到進(jìn)步！??

對(duì)于準(zhǔn)備參加托?？荚嚨目忌鷣?lái)說(shuō),，掌握一些高分句型是非常重要的,。這不僅可以幫助你在閱讀部分更快理解文章,，還能提高你的解題效率。以下是一些實(shí)用的句型和技巧,，幫助你在托福閱讀中取得好成績(jī),。??

1. 表示因果關(guān)系的句型

在托福閱讀中，因果關(guān)系的句型經(jīng)常出現(xiàn),。理解這些句型有助于把握文章的主旨,。

• Because of... (由于...) - This phrase introduces a reason for an event.
• As a result of... (由于...) - This phrase indicates the outcome of a specific cause.
• Consequently,... (因此...) - This is used to show the result of something.

例如，"Because of the increase in pollution, many species are at risk." 這樣的句子能讓你快速抓住文章的重點(diǎn),。??

2. 表達(dá)對(duì)比的句型

對(duì)比句型在討論不同觀點(diǎn)或情況時(shí)尤為重要,，能夠幫助你理解作者的立場(chǎng)。

• On the one hand,... On the other hand,... (一方面... 另一方面...) - This structure presents contrasting ideas.
• In contrast to... (與...相反) - This phrase highlights differences between two subjects.
• Unlike... (與...不同) - This is used to point out distinctions.

例如,，"On the one hand, renewable energy is sustainable. On the other hand, fossil fuels are more readily available." 這種句型幫助你理解不同的觀點(diǎn),。??

3. 說(shuō)明例證的句型

在閱讀中，作者常常會(huì)用例子來(lái)支持自己的觀點(diǎn),。掌握這些句型可以幫助你更好地理解文章內(nèi)容,。

• For example,... (例如...) - This phrase introduces an illustration.
• Such as... (例如...) - This is used to provide specific examples.
• Namely,... (即...) - This phrase specifies something mentioned earlier.

例如，"Many animals are endangered, such as the tiger and the elephant." 通過(guò)這樣的句子,，你可以清晰地看到作者的論據(jù),。??

4. 總結(jié)觀點(diǎn)的句型

在托福閱讀中,，作者通常會(huì)在段落結(jié)束時(shí)總結(jié)觀點(diǎn)，掌握這些句型將有助于你快速理解文章的整體思路,。

• In conclusion,... (總之...) - This phrase signals a summary of the main points.
• To sum up,... (總結(jié)...) - This is another way to indicate a final thought.
• Overall,... (總體而言...) - This phrase gives a general perspective on the topic.

例如,，"In conclusion, protecting the environment is crucial for future generations." 這樣的句子可以幫助你快速回顧文章的核心思想。??

5. 常見(jiàn)的連接詞

連接詞在托福閱讀中起著重要作用,，它們幫助你理解句子之間的關(guān)系,。

• However,... (然而...) - This word introduces a contrast.
• Furthermore,... (此外...) - This adds additional information.
• Therefore,... (因此...) - This indicates a logical conclusion.

例如，"However, not all scientists agree with this theory." 連接詞的使用能讓你更流暢地理解文章內(nèi)容,。??

掌握以上句型后,，建議考生在平時(shí)的閱讀練習(xí)中嘗試運(yùn)用。通過(guò)不斷的練習(xí)和應(yīng)用,，你將能夠在托福閱讀中更自信地應(yīng)對(duì)各種題目。祝你在托?？荚囍腥〉美硐氲某煽?jī),！??